Robustness to genetic or environmental disturbances is often considered as a key property of living systems. Yet, in spite of being discussed since the 1950s, how robustness emerges from the complexity of genetic architectures and how it evolves still remains unclear. In particular, whether or not robustness to various sources of perturbations is independent conditions the range of adaptive scenarios that can be considered. For instance, selection for robustness to heritable mutations is likely to be modest and indirect, and its evolution might result from indirect selection on a pleiotropically-related character (e.g., homeostasis) rather than adaptation. Here, I propose to treat various robustness measurements as quantitative characters, and study theoretically, by individual-based simulations, their propensity to evolve independently. Based on a simple evolutionary model of a gene regulatory network, I showed that different ways to measure the robustness of gene expression to genetic or non-genetic disturbances were substantially correlated. Yet, robustness was variable in several dimensions, and robustness components could evolve differentially under direct selection pressure. Therefore, the fact that the sensitivity of gene expression to e.g. mutations and environmental factors rely on the same gene networks does not preclude that robustness components may have distinct evolutionary histories.Robustness is the capacity of living organisms to buffer internal or environmental disturbances. Robustness encompasses, for instance, the ability to maintain physiological equilibria (homeostasis), to ensure developmental stability, or to repair and mitigate DNA damage in both soma and germline. Although robustness is virtually intermingled with the definition of life itself, its underlying mechanisms and its evolutionary origins remain far from being clearly understood (Stearns