“…Consequently, various thiol‐functionalized materials like mesoporous and microporous silica, clays or bio‐polymers have been developed for removal of these heavy metals . Extensive research has been done for remediation of wastewater polluted by heavy metals, and several remediation practices have been proposed, such as physical and chemical extraction, chemical stabilization/solidification (S/S), and electrochemical methods . Considerable previous research has been devoted to understanding the respective role of the components of heterogeneous surface materials in the scavenging of trace metals.…”
“…Consequently, various thiol‐functionalized materials like mesoporous and microporous silica, clays or bio‐polymers have been developed for removal of these heavy metals . Extensive research has been done for remediation of wastewater polluted by heavy metals, and several remediation practices have been proposed, such as physical and chemical extraction, chemical stabilization/solidification (S/S), and electrochemical methods . Considerable previous research has been devoted to understanding the respective role of the components of heterogeneous surface materials in the scavenging of trace metals.…”
“…Also, the results of theoretical studies were compared with corresponding experimental data [19]. Reisi-Vanani et al have done a comprehensive study of the ozonization of corannulene by DFT method [24].…”
“…1 These reactions are stereospecific, regiospecific and diasteroselective 2,3 and have been applied to organic synthesis, 4 materials chemistry, 5,6 drug discovery, 7,8 and, most recently, have also been employed to modify carbon materials, such as fullerene, 9 carbon nanotubes, 10 and graphene. 11,12 The cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to olefins, in particular, has considerable interest for obtaining isoxazoline rings, 13 substrates of many products with biological activity [14][15][16] and organic molecules with technological interest, such as liquid crystal materials 17 and organic semiconductors. 18 From the pioneering work of Huisgen,19,20 who postulated the concerted reaction mechanism of cycloaddition reactions, this kind of reaction has been widely studied, both theoretically and experimentally.…”
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction is a powerful tool for the cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to olefins, and this reaction is of considerable interest to obtain isoxazolines. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction mechanism that initially occurs between benzonitrile oxide and vinylacetic acid to yield a bicyclo, from successive cycloadditions. PBE1PBE, B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functionals were used together with 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set. CCSD(T)/6-311+G(2d,p) calculations were done to compare the DFT energy barriers. The solvent effects were included using polarizable continuum model (PCM), with three different solvents. In the first cycloaddition, only the 3,5-regioisomer is expected. In the gas phase, the β face attack, that originates the trans-bicyclo, is slightly favored, but the cis-bicyclo is considerably more stable. However, the α face attack was favored with solvent effects. The PBE1PBE functional gives the closest activation energies and reaction energies to CCSD(T). The inclusion of solvent effects changes the preferential rotamer in each cycloaddition.
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