Theoretical study of the copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride prepared in carbon tetrachloride and in N,N-dimethylformamide

Abstract

Styrene (ST or 1) and maleic anhydride (MA or 0) were copolymerized in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with a wide range of MA mole fraction in the feed (f 0 = 0.01 to 0.90) at 50 8C. The DEPT 13 C NMR subspectra of methylene carbon of ST(1) units were used to determine the ST(1) centered triad mole fractions (F 010 , F (011 + 110) , F 111 ). Non-linear least squares (NLLS) curve fitting was used to fit the theoretical equations of the five copolymerization models, namely, the (1) terminal, (2) penultimate unit effect, (3) complex participation, (4) complex dissociation and (5) comppen models, to these experimental data in order to calculate the sum of squares (SS) and the reactivity ratios. The complex participation model is indicated as the model providing the best fit by the smallest SS values calculated from F 010 data and by the variation pattern of the test functions a and b for both copolymerization systems. The F test for SS of F 010 data can only show an improvement of fit of the complex participation model over the penultimate unit effect model with less than 90% probability confidence for the MA + ST/CCl 4 system and with 97.5% probability confidence for the MA + ST/ DMF system. This is consistent with the result obtained from the "order grade matrix" method reported previously.

pH-Responsive Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) Alkylamide Copolymers for Intracellular Drug Delivery

“…Styrene and maleic anhydride are known to produce alternating copolymers [31][32][33] that have been used in a variety of applications. 32 Maeda and co-workers used low molecular weight PSMA copolymers (<6 kDa) clinically to deliver the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin (NCS).…”

“…Styrene and maleic anhydride are known to produce alternating copolymers − that have been used in a variety of applications . Maeda and co-workers used low molecular weight PSMA copolymers (<6 kDa) clinically to deliver the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin (NCS). ,− The polymer−protein conjugate, known as SMANCS, is formed using “partial half-esters” of SMA, in which 70% of the maleic anhydride groups were opened using butanol. , SMANCS significantly improved the pharmacological properties of NCS by increasing both its circulatory half-life and its lipid solubility, and it has been clinically effective in treating liver cancer. ,− The SMANCS conjugate is also known to accumulate in tumor tissue and the lymphatic system through the EPR effect (enhanced permeability and retention). , SMA copolymers have also been shown to noncovalently bind with albumin during systemic circulation, thereby reducing polymer clearance from the body, and SMA has been conjugated with other anti-cancer agents to exploit this property .…”

Synthesis and Characterization of pH- and Temperature-sensitive Hydrogels of Poly (Styrene-alt-Maleic Anhydride)-co-Pluronic for Drug Release

“…[8,9] The reactivity of maleic anhydride with hydroxyl and amine groups leads to a variety of modifications of PSMA. [10][11][12][13][14] For example, Pal et al [15] reported a long-chain monoalcohol esterified PSMA, consisting of PSMA esterified with n-decanol for a study of the environmental degradability of LLDPE. Lee et al reported the reaction of poly(ethylene glycol)400 (PEG400) with PSMA, and the study of the effect of lithium perchlorate (LiCIO 4 ) on the copolymer form and the interaction between Li + and PSMA-PEG.…”