Theoretical Studies on Sex Ratio Evolution. (MPB-22), Volume 22

Karlin, Samuel; Lessard, Sabin

doi:10.1515/9780691210117

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…When variation is constrained, then the expected evolutionary outcomes are sensitive to the particular variety available. If the constraints concern genetic details such as dominance, epistasis, or recombination, then genetic details may sometimes be important to expected outcome (77). If the genetic details are themselves subject to extensive genetic modification, then fully genetic approaches may not yield important differences in prediction from ESS analyses (17).…”

Section: Gene Frequency Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Allocation Theory for Birds and Mammals

Frank

1990

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

407

202

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Section: Gene Frequency Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast literature on sex allocation theory has been reviewed several times recently (12,14,27,77). Several reviews of observed sex allocation patterns in birds and mammals are also available (34,40,75).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Allocation Theory for Birds and Mammals

Frank

1990

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

407

202

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“…It is now well established (e.g. Moran 1964;Akin 1979;Karlin and Lessard 1986) that natural selection is often not an optimizing process and that stable evolutionary equilibria do often not correspond to fitness maxima or evolutionarily stable strategies. These results may seem counterintuitive at first sight, but they merely reflect the fact that natural selection does not only depend on phenotypic fitness differences but also on the genetic transmission of these differences from one generation to the next.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic versus phenotypic models of selection: can genetics be neglected in a long-term perspective?

Weissing

1996

J. Math. Biology

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Game theoretical concepts in evolutionary biology have been criticized by populations geneticists, because they neglect such crucial aspects as the mating system or the mode of inheritance. In fact, the dynamics of natural selection does not necessarily lead to a fitness maximum or an ESS if genetic constraints are taken into account. Yet, it may be premature to conclude that game theoretical concepts do not have a dynamical justification. The new paradigm of long-term evolution postulates that genetic constraints, which may be dominant in a short-term perspective, will in the long run disappear in the face of the ongoing influx of mutations. Two basic results (see Hammerstein; this issue) seem to reconcile the dynamical approach of long-term population genetics with the static approach of evolutionary game theory: (1) only populations at local fitness optima (Nash strategies) can be long-term stable; and (2) in monomorphic populations, evolutionary stability is necessary and sufficient to ensure long-term dynamic stability. The present paper has a double purpose. On the one hand, it is demonstrated by fairly general arguments that the scope of the results mentioned above extends to non-linear frequency dependent selection, to multiple loci, and to quite general mating systems. On the other hand, some limitations of the theory of long-term evolution will also be stressed: (1) there is little hope for a game theoretical characterization of stability in polymorphic populations; (2) many interesting systems do not admit long-term stable equilibria; and (3) even if a long-term stable equilibrium exists, it is not at all clear whether and how it is attainable by a series of gene substitution events.

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“…As a result, the most favored strategy for an individual usually is to produce offspring with a 1:1 sex ratio. However, highly skewed sex ratios have been observed among some animals in nature, including invertebrates where there is a parent‐offspring conflict, local mate competition among males, or local resource competition among females (Trivers and Willard 1973; Karlin and Lessard 1986 for more information and references). In plants, sex allocation is more complicated and involves geographical and environmental factors (Cox 1981; Charnov 1982; Lloyd 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, sex allocation is more complicated and involves geographical and environmental factors (Cox 1981; Charnov 1982; Lloyd 1982). Genetic, behavioral, physiological, and environmental factors may affect an individual's relative resource allocation to each sex (Karlin and Lessard 1986). Several kinds of questions arise in considerations of sex ratio evolution, including how are 1:1 sex ratios maintained, and how sex ratio are affected by fluctuating environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal Sex Ratios of a Marine Green Alga, Bryopsis plumosa

Togashi

Cox

2008

JIPB

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By finding some important culture conditions as below, we succeeded in experimentally controlling the whole life history of a dioecious marine green alga, Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh. In this study, we focused on the primary and secondary sex ratios (i.e. at inception and maturity) using these culture techniques. Gametogenesis was induced by culturing haploid gametophytes with Provasoli's enriched seawater (PES) medium under a 14:10 h light:dark cycle at 14 degrees C. Formed zygotes grew into diploid sporophytes, which were cultured for 3 months with PES medium under a 14:10 h light:nbsp;dark cycle at 18 degrees C. Then they were transferred into Schreiber medium and cultured under a 10:14 h light:dark cycle at 22 degrees C. Within 1 week, zoosporogenesis was observed. Zoospores were released within a couple of days. Each zoospore soon germinated and grew into a unisexual gametophyte. The primary sex ratio was examined in gametophytes that originated from a single sporophyte. The secondary sex ratio was studied in the field. Both were estimated as 1:1. Synchronized meiotic cell divisions might occur during zoosporogenesis dividing each sex-determining factor evenly among zoospores. Given the equal sex ratio at maturity, there seems to be no environmental factor that differentially affects the survival of male or female gametophytes in nature.

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Theoretical Studies on Sex Ratio Evolution. (MPB-22), Volume 22

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Sex Allocation Theory for Birds and Mammals

Sex Allocation Theory for Birds and Mammals

Genetic versus phenotypic models of selection: can genetics be neglected in a long-term perspective?

Equal Sex Ratios of a Marine Green Alga, Bryopsis plumosa

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