Theoretical probing of the phenomenon of the formation of the outermost surface layer of a multi-component particle, and the surface chemical composition after the rapid removal of water in spray drying

Chen, Xiao; Sidhu, Harvinder; Nelson, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2011.08.035

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although surface composition plays a vital role in determining the powder functionality, only a few modelling studies have been attempted to predict the surface composition. An analytical expression based on diffusion equations has been developed to represent the final surface composition of dairy powders 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuum‐approach modeling of surface composition and ternary component distribution inside low fat milk emulsions during single droplet drying

et al. 2017

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Surface composition of dairy powders plays an important role in determining the functionality. However, the surface composition may be different from the bulk composition because of component migration during drying. In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the phenomena. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first mathematical model which predicts the dynamics of surface composition during drying. The model consists of a set of equations of conservation of mass of water, lactose, protein, and fat as well as conservation of heat and momentum in which the effects of diffusion induced material migration and surface activity are incorporated. This model is applicable to describe the kinetics of surface composition of dairy droplets during drying. It suggests that both diffusion and protein surface activity govern the component segregation during drying. The study indicates that the model implementing the measured initial surface composition as the initial conditions generates more realistic profiles than the one using the bulk composition. The modeling confirms that the difference between the surface and bulk composition that occurs prior to drying is not primarily governed by diffusion, but the emulsion's atomization behavior seems to play an essential role in the overrepresentation of fat. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2535–2545, 2017

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuum‐approach modeling of surface composition and ternary component distribution inside low fat milk emulsions during single droplet drying

et al. 2017

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“…As investigated previously [50,51], the particle surface composition is different from the core. For instance, for skim milk particles fat comprises of 18 wt% of the surface solids, while for the bulk particle fat content is only ≈1% [52].…”

Section: Further Remarksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of a Mono-Disperse Droplet Spray Dryer: Validation Aspects and Multi-Physics Exploration

et al. 2014

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Many studies have been carried out on using CFD to explore spray drying phenomena.However, due to the complexity of the drying process in a conventional spray dryer that may include the wide droplet size distribution, complicated particle trajectory and difficulty in taking on-line measurements, validation of the computational codes or the models remains a challenging task. In this study, experimental conditions employed in a more defined spray drying condition, published recently on spray drying of mono-disperse skim milk droplets in a vertical cylindrical chamber, are simulated using ANSYS FLUENT.We have examined the effects of droplet-dispersion patterns on the drying results and found ways to incorporate more practical shrinkage models into the code to make simulations more realistic. Through a comparison with the relevant experimental results on 10~50 wt% skim milks published recently by the same group, we have identified a few areas that urgently need more detailed future research. Using the revised sets of codes established here, we simulated skim milk droplets (with a uniform size between 180 m to Downloaded by [Columbia University] at 00:42 03 February 2015 2 220 m) spray dried by 90°C to 180°C hot air streams. The quantitative drying history data predicted by our new model would help understanding the system better.

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“…Although the basic technology has been used for over a century, critical processing challenges still exist with regards to powder quality control . Since the functionality of a spray‐dried powder product usually includes the incorporation efficiency of powder particles into water (i.e., particles' wettability and dissolution behavior), the microstructure and chemical composition of the powder surface (i.e., the powder–water interface) play an indispensable role . On the processing aspect, it is also noted that powder stickiness affects the powder deposition on dryer walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model seems to predict the trend of the dryer inlet temperature effect well but the simulated surface concentration is always lower than that estimated based on the XPS measurements . Chen et al described the onset of solid formation around the outermost layer of a single droplet during the dying process by resorting to an innovative continuum approach starting from the diffusion–convection partial differential equations and using the idea of the characteristic length to reduce the complexity of the equations. With a few derivations, the model system becomes a set of algebraic equations, which can be easily solved to get the surface composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale modeling for surface composition of spray‐dried two‐component powders

Xiao

Chen

2014

AIChE Journal

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Spray drying is a primary process for manufacturing various powder products. One of the most important properties of powders is the ability to get wet. Surface chemical composition critically influences this property. Furthermore, surface composition also influences the efficiency of production as it affects the stickiness of the powder. This work is an attempt to analyze the surface compositions of spray-dried two-component powders produced under various conditions using an innovative multiscale modeling approach. A molecular-level geometrical interpretation is seamlessly coupled with a continuum diffusion model. The predictions are compared with the measurements done on the protein-lactose system using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sample calculations for the system have demonstrated that the new approach helps reveal surface formation mechanisms much better than that explained with the monoscale continuum approach. This work provides a good basis for a fruitful area of study toward surface composition-focused powder quality control that will have a positive impact in industries.

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Theoretical probing of the phenomenon of the formation of the outermost surface layer of a multi-component particle, and the surface chemical composition after the rapid removal of water in spray drying

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

A continuum‐approach modeling of surface composition and ternary component distribution inside low fat milk emulsions during single droplet drying

A continuum‐approach modeling of surface composition and ternary component distribution inside low fat milk emulsions during single droplet drying

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of a Mono-Disperse Droplet Spray Dryer: Validation Aspects and Multi-Physics Exploration

Multiscale modeling for surface composition of spray‐dried two‐component powders

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