Theoretical prediction and experimental validation of the digital light processing (DLP) working curve for photocurable materials

Yang, Li; Mao, Qijiang; Yin, Jun; Wang, Yifang; Fu, Jianzhong; Huang, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101716

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As the concentration of absorbers increased in the hydrogel, the absorbance increased and the color darkened (Figure 4(b) and (c)). Brilliant blue is a widely used food coloring agent, and its biocompatibility at low concentrations has been verified, 32,36 but the absorbance at the same concentration is lower than that of nigrosin and brilliant black (Figure 4(b)).…”

Section: Improving Printing Accuracy By Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…29,30,33 The choice of absorber for biomaterials depends on the solubility in the solvent, absorbance at the relevant wavelength, 34 and biocompatibility. Researchers have reported absorbers including brilliant blue, 32,34,35 coloringyellow, 36 Sudan I, 30 Rhod. B, 30 inert triazole dye, 37,38 and others, which can also smooth the light intensity distribution on the width surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 The current research mainly reduces the final distortion by changing the printer program, 42 post-processing, 43 or optimizing the printing conditions, 29 which are cumbersome and do not solve the z-axis printing errors. 44,45 Additionally, it has been verified that some food pigments, such as brilliant blue, have certain biocompatibility at low concentrations, 32,36 but lower concentrations may not achieve a high enough absorbance to satisfy the formation of a hollow lumen at the transmission depth, 34 and the biocompatibility of most absorbers has not been verified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adjusting the accuracy of PEGDA-GelMA vascular network by dark pigments via digital light processing printing

Sheng

Zheng

et al. 2021

J Biomater Appl

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Vascularization is one of the most important factors greatly influencing scaffold regeneration. In this study, a precise network of hollow vessels was printed by digital light processing (DLP) with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA), and dark pigmentation absorbers were added to ensure printing accuracy. First, the compound bio-inks of the PEGDA-GelMA hydrogel were prepared for direct vascular printing, and a high-precision DLP system was established. Second, the printing effects of three dark absorbers, namely, nigrosin, brilliant black, and brilliant blue, on the x-, y-, and z-axes were studied. By printing models with different densities, it was determined that 0.2% nigrosin, 0.1% brilliant black, and 0.3% brilliant blue had better effects on the x- and y-axes accuracy, and the absorbance of the absorbers played a decisive role in adjusting the accuracy. Additionally, to solve the problem of uneven curing on the upper and lower surfaces caused by the addition of an absorber with high absorbance, a model of the difference in curing width between the upper and lower surfaces of a unit-layer slice based on high-absorbance absorbers was established, and the reference value for the slice thickness was calculated. Third, the biological and mechanical properties of the bio-inks were verified with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared, and by tensile, swelling, degradation, and cytotoxicity tests on different concentrations of PEGDA-GelMA hydrogel and absorbers. The results showed that 30% PEGDA-7% GelMA/0.1% brilliant black was the optimal preparation to print a hollow vascular network. The error of the printing tube wall and cavity was between 1% and 3%, which demonstrates the high precision of the method. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were planted in the lumen, and the survival rate achieved 107% on the seventh day, demonstrating the good biocompatibility of the composite hydrogel.

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Section: Improving Printing Accuracy By Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adjusting the accuracy of PEGDA-GelMA vascular network by dark pigments via digital light processing printing

Sheng

Zheng

et al. 2021

J Biomater Appl

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“…However, when the points of light are in close proximity, the curing regions connect, expanding the curing depth (blue shaded area) rather than having discrete curing regions (red area), as shown in Fig. 6Biii [ 45 , 46 ]. We assume that the illumination of the light point is affected by others when the light points are close, leading to an increase in the curing depth.…”

Section: Printing Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Printability during projection-based 3D bioprinting

Kang

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

Bioactive Materials

Self Cite

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Since projection-based 3D bioprinting (PBP) could provide high resolution, it is well suited for printing delicate structures for tissue regeneration. However, the low crosslinking density and low photo-crosslinking rate of photocurable bioink make it difficult to print fine structures. Currently, an in-depth understanding of the is lacking. Here, a research framework is established for the analysis of printability during PBP. The gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioink is used as an example, and the printability is systematically investigated. We analyze the photo-crosslinking reactions during the PBP process and summarize the specific requirements of bioinks for PBP. Two standard quantized models are established to evaluate 2D and 3D printing errors. Finally, the better strategies for bioprinting five typical structures, including solid organs, vascular structures, nerve conduits, thin-wall scaffolds, and micro needles, are presented.

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“…As the needle head moves, the rod-shaped fibers are deposited into a specific pattern (Revelo and Colorado, 2018;Coppola et al, 2021). DLP technology is to project patterned ultraviolet light onto the photocurable material to cure each single layer, and form a specific shape through the superimposition of layers (Wang et al, 2019;Li et al, 2021). In SLS technology, a laser is used to melt the binder and bond the ceramic powder to form (Kai et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Composites Transducer Based on Direct Ink Writing

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric composites used in transducers were fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW) combined with furnace sintering and resin impregnation. A ceramic slurry with a volume fraction of 52 vol% and suitable viscoelasticity was prepared. After post-process, the PZT ceramic specimens showed a nanoscale grain size with a density of 7.63 g/cm3, accounting for 97.8% of the theoretical density. The effects of different printing rod spacing on the electrical properties of composites were evaluated and lucubrated. Finally, an underwater acoustic transducer was assembled by using the PZT piezoelectric composites fabricated by the above method. The electrical signal generated by the underwater acoustic transducer changed autonomously with the acoustic stimulation, which indicated the application mode of 4D printing in functional devices in the future.

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Theoretical prediction and experimental validation of the digital light processing (DLP) working curve for photocurable materials

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

Adjusting the accuracy of PEGDA-GelMA vascular network by dark pigments via digital light processing printing

Adjusting the accuracy of PEGDA-GelMA vascular network by dark pigments via digital light processing printing

Printability during projection-based 3D bioprinting

4D Printing of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Composites Transducer Based on Direct Ink Writing

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