Theoretical multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method study on the x-ray spectra of multiply ionized heavy atoms: The structure of the KαLnlines

Abstract

Relativistic multiconfigurationDirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations in the average-level (MCDF-AL) version with the inclusion of the transverse (Breit) interaction, self-energy, and vacuum polarization corrections have been carried out for molybdenum, palladium, lanthanum, and holmium to elucidate the structure of the KnL" lines in their x-ray spectra. The examination of the effect of removing electrons from M shell on the principal Ka(KaL ) lines indicates that the most significant is the effect of removing 3p and then 3s subshe11s and that the effect of additional holes strongly increases with the atomic number. Detailed calculations have been performed on palladium to shed light on the structure of the KaL" satellite lines of its x-ray spectrum, which is the first systematic theoretical study on the structure of these lines of a heavy atom. It has been found that in all cases the "average" positions of the groups of lines corresponding to the transitions of the type 1s '2p "~2p '" " obtained in the present work are very close to the recently measured experimental positions of appropriate KaL" satellite lines. On the other hand, the structure of the satellite lines has been shown to be much more complex than can be observed experimentally. The results of this work can be used to construct different theoretical KuL" spectra for palladium, satisfactorily reproducing the shape of various experimental spectra generated by different inducing projectiles.

Near-coincident K-line and K-edge energies as ionization diagnostics for some high atomic number plasmas

“…For moderately ionized plasmas, the Kb lines, notably the FIG. 13. Gaussian fits to the Yb Kb 1,3 lines for different PFRP plasmas.…”

“…As is discussed in what follows, Ir's ionization shift measured in the PFRP is consistent with results from two of these codes. 13,14 Our interest in measuring the ionization shift has a third motivation. Nuclear isomers are metastable nuclei that could be induced, by irradiation with x-rays, to give up their energy at densities and with rates conceivably much higher than possible with chemical reactions.…”

High-resolution X-ray study of the multiple ionization of Pd atoms by fast oxygen ions

“…The measurements were carried out by means of the Fribourg von Hamos crystal X-ray spectrometer [1]. The experimental X-ray spectrum, characterized by rich M -shell satellite and L-shell hypersatellite structures, was interpreted with the help of multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations [2]. The distribution of the M -shell vacancies at the collision time was determined a e-mail: d.banas@ujk.kielce.pl from the observed X-ray M -satellite intensities that were corrected beforehand for the vacancy rearrangement processes (radiative, Auger and Coster-Kronig) and the changes of the L-shell decay rates in multiply ionized atoms.…”

K X-ray line energies as diagnostics of warm dense plasma

“…In an X-ray spectrum these two cases are reflected as the diagram Ka 1 and Ka 2 lines. These are properly denoted as 1s À1 / 2p À1 3=2 and 1s À1 / 2p2p À1 1=2 transitions [13]; the superscript À1 indicates the missing electron.…”