Theoretical model of adhesively bonded single lap joints with functionally graded adherends

Guin, William E.; Wang, Jialai

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.036

Cited by 43 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…4 and 6) showed that when tensile perpendicular to the plan of the PB, the adhesive joint resists mainly the separation of one wood particle from another. This is a kind of delamination for which adhesive joints are most vulnerable [15]. An additional vulnerability of internal bonds arises due to the fact that wood particles in the sample are oriented in such a way that they tension perpendicular or almost perpendicular to grain (Figures 4 and 6), i.e., in the direction of the least strength of wood as anisotropic material [16].…”

Section: Figure 3: the Testing Sequence Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the size and shape of wood particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the particleboard: Experiments and modeling

Borisovich¹,

Gennadievich²,

Anatolyevna³

et al. 2021

J Appl Eng Science

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One of the problems of sustainable development is the technologies improvement for the rational use of wood and other raw materials of plant origin. The literature reflects a large amount of applied research that was conducted to justify new technologies for the production of particle boards (PB). The main attention in the known works is paid to the influence of the particle size distribution on the strength of PB. The influence of particle shape on the PB strength has been studied to a lesser extent. In this regard, this article considers the influence of the shape and size of particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the PB. A geometric analysis of the particle shape is performed. It was taken into account that the PB strength depends on the shape and size of the particles, as well as on the number of adhesive contacts between particles. To obtain quantitative estimates, formulas were substantiated confirming that an increase in the length of the particles and a decrease in their transverse dimensions lead to an increase in the PB strength. Experimental research methods were used, and mathematical modeling of the sample failure area was performed.

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Section: Figure 3: the Testing Sequence Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the size and shape of wood particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the particleboard: Experiments and modeling

Borisovich¹,

Gennadievich²,

Anatolyevna³

et al. 2021

J Appl Eng Science

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“…Most of the works published present an analytical and/or numerical analysis related to the distribution of bonded joints with functionally graded materials (FGMs), as the manufacturing of functionally graded materials, especially for the relatively small dimensions used on SLJs, is still highly complex. [28][29][30][31] Indeed, only a few experimental works using graded substrates in adhesive joints have been published. These include adherends with graded perforations 32 and geometrically graded adherends, 33 both resulting in gradual variation of the adherend stiffness, and geometrically graded honeycomb structures, a bonded composite with graded construction developed for increased energy absorption in shock absorbers for helicopter seats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of functionally graded adherends

Reis

Carbas

Marques

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The development of lighter structures and materials has been one of the main research concerns of the transportation industry during the last decade, driven by the necessity to decrease fuel consumption and emissions. Therefore, the use of several different new lightweight materials, such as special metal alloys, reinforced polymers and new advanced composite materials has been explored, leading to optimized structures which combine these novel materials. To manufacture these multi-material structures, adhesive bonding is one of best joining techniques available, as fasteners add weight to the structure and require holes to be drilled and welding is not easily applicable to reinforced plastics, composites and some high strength metal alloys. However, adhesive bonding also presents some limitations that need to be considered, such as the appearance of singularities and the resultant stress concentration at the edges of the bond line, which result in a reduction of the joint strength. In order to mitigate this effect, several techniques have been proposed, being the use of functionally graded adherends one of them. Functionally graded adherends consist in an adherend where the mechanical properties gradually change throughout the material, usually in the thickness or length direction. The present work introduces the concept of a layered functionally graded adherend, varying the flexibility of each layer through the thickness direction. Different ratios of stiffness variation, combined with different adhesive properties, were numerically evaluated for single lap joints, comparing the stress distribution of the adhesive layer and the resultant joint strength, using cohesive zone modelling. Moreover, an optimization process of typical graded material properties, where different distribution laws that consider material weight and strength are considered, is presented.

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“…Recent experimental work has shown compliance-tailoring of the bondlayer via AM to be a facile and effective approach to improving multilayer performance, wherein increased compliance of the bondlayer in the area of stress concentration reduces the magnitude of stress concentration by diffusing stresses 6 , 7 . Analytical and numerical studies suggest that compliance-tailoring of the adherends is a possible (but questionably effective) approach for reducing bondlayer stress concentrations 18 , 19 , 29 – 31 , although no study exists where this concept is experimentally implemented due to limitations in conventional manufacturing. As an example, numerical studies of adherend compliance tailoring of advanced composites 18 , 19 , motivated by the possible (but unrealized) tailoring of adherend modulus by varying the composite braiding angle, showed reductions in critical stresses (shear stress and peel stress reduction of ~20% and 5%, respectively, as measured at the midline of bondlayer), suggesting that adherend-tailoring is a viable approach in improving bonded system performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Performance Enhancement of Multilayers by Spatial Tailoring of Adherend Compliance and Morphology via Multimaterial Jetting Additive Manufacturing

Ubaid

Wardle

Kumar

2018

Sci Rep

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Material tailoring of bondlayer compliance is a known effective route to enhance performance of multilayers, and here spatial material-tailoring of compliance and morphology of the adherends is examined. Multimaterial jetting additive manufacturing (AM) allows us to realize for the first time compliance- and morphology-tailored adherends, and evaluate directly the mechanical performance, including failure, of the tensile-loaded multilayers. Adherend compliance-tailoring, unlike bondlayer tailoring, requires additional consideration due to adherend bending stiffness and moment influences on bondlayer stresses. We introduce anisotropic as well as layered/sandwich adherend tailoring to address this dependence. Numerical models show that for both sub-critical and critical bondlengths (at which shear-dominated load transfer occurs through the bondlayer), adherend tailoring reduces peak stresses significantly, particularly peel stress (reductions of 47–80%) that typically controls failure in such systems. At sub-critical bondlengths, the AM-enabled layered/sandwich adherend tailoring shows significantly increased experimental performance over the baseline multilayer: strength is increased by 20%, toughness by 48%, and strain-to-break by 18%, while retaining multilayer stiffness. The adherend tailoring demonstrated here adds to the techniques available to increase the performance of bonded multilayers, suggesting that adherend tailoring is particularly well-suited to additively manufactured multilayers, but can also have application in other areas such as layered electronics and advanced structural composite laminates.

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Theoretical model of adhesively bonded single lap joints with functionally graded adherends

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

The effect of the size and shape of wood particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the particleboard: Experiments and modeling

The effect of the size and shape of wood particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the particleboard: Experiments and modeling

Numerical modelling of functionally graded adherends

Strength and Performance Enhancement of Multilayers by Spatial Tailoring of Adherend Compliance and Morphology via Multimaterial Jetting Additive Manufacturing

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