Theoretical minimum energies to produce steel for selected conditions

Fruehan, R. J.; Fortini, O.; Paxton, H. W.; Brindle, R.

doi:10.2172/1216249

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The energy consumption through the integrated process was estimated to be 10.5 to 11.5 GJ/tls (tonne liquid steel), which is ~80% higher than that by EAF route (2.1 to 2.4 GJ/tls) [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Can there be a sunrise in steel town?

Sridhar

2016

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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A sustainable UK steel industry is vitally important to the UK's future growth prospects. This article first analyses the grand trends and challenges that the UK steel industry is facing. Then alternative iron making processes are briefly reviewed with regard to its flexibility in raw material and energy and its reduction in CO2 emissions. It is concluded that in the long-term, the scrapbased EAF route can be considered as a viable process route for the UK steel industry. For the current integrated process, its sustainability can be achieved by substantially improving its energy / material efficiency and by focusing on the creation of value-added steel products. It also points out that ensuring the sustainability of the UK steel industry requires a clear strategy, substantial capital expenses and support from the government and the industry itself. The UK has to invest in / re-shape steel-related research creating new competences for the viability of the industry.

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“…The energy consumption through the integrated process was estimated to be 10.5 to 11.5 GJ/tls (tonne liquid steel), which is ~80% higher than that by EAF route (2.1 to 2.4 GJ/tls) [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Can there be a sunrise in steel town?

Sridhar

2016

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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“…HHVs of the natural gas and hydrogen were used for this calculation. e From Fruehan et al 2 and Stubbles. The energy balance for an average blast furnace operation was calculated using published material balance data and applying the same method of calculating energy values as for the flash ironmaking process.…”

Section: Energy Balances For Ironmaking Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Calculating Energy Requirements for Processes in Which a Reactant Is Also a Fuel: Need for Standardization

Sohn

Olivas-Martinez

2014

JOM

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When a process involves both endothermic chemical reactions and heat generation from the combustion of fuels, the choice of endothermic reactions to include in computing the ''energy requirement'' for the overall process is arbitrary and can be a source of confusion. It is shown that the essential question becomes whether the heat of combustion of a reactant, which can be used as a fuel, should be included in the energy requirement value. It is noted that the choice is a matter of convention, but it is important to clearly state what convention is followed in presenting the results of energy calculations. There is a need to select a standard approach because the presented value of ''energy requirement'' of a process depends on the choice. This problem is illustrated using the example of ironmaking by different processes including a novel flash ironmaking process under development at the University of Utah. The authors advocate using just the ''process energy requirement'' as the standard value of the energy requirement for a process in which a reactant is also a fuel.

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“…The energy cost and CO 2 output per tonne of steel has, during the last two decades, been reduced by nearly 30%. However, the differences between the actual and theoretical minimum in consumption of energy and output of CO 2 are still significant [30]. Nearly 4 GJ tonne −1 steel or a 30% reduction in energy (or associated output of CO 2 ) can be saved in iron and steel making alone.…”

Section: Lightermentioning

confidence: 99%

Smarter–lighter–greener: research innovations for the automotive sector

Bhattacharyya

2015

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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This paper reviews the changing nature of research underpinning the revolution in the automotive sector. Legislation controlling vehicle emissions has brought urgency to research, so we are now noticing a more rapid development of new technologies than at any time in the past century. The lightweighting of structures, the refinement of advanced propulsion systems, the advent of new smart materials, and greater in-vehicle intelligence and connectivity with transport infrastructure all require a fundamental rethink of established technologies used for many decades-defining a range of new multi-disciplinary research challenges. While meeting escalating emission penalties, cars must also fulfil the human desire for speed, reliability, beauty, refinement and elegance, qualities that mark out the truly great automobile.

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Theoretical minimum energies to produce steel for selected conditions

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Can there be a sunrise in steel town?

Can there be a sunrise in steel town?

Methods for Calculating Energy Requirements for Processes in Which a Reactant Is Also a Fuel: Need for Standardization

Smarter–lighter–greener: research innovations for the automotive sector

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