Theoretical, Methodological, and Validational Bases of the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery

Reitan, Ralph M.; Wolfson, Deborah

doi:10.1002/9780471726753.ch8

Cited by 102 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Neuropsychological tests were selected on the basis of their ability to assess domains of cognitive functioning known to decline with age, including (1) spatial reasoning (Block Design and Matrix Reasoning subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) (Coorporation, 1999; Wechsler, 1997a)), (2) working memory (Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – III (Wechsler, 1997a)) and the Spatial Span subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (Wechsler, 1997b)), (3) visuomotor processing speed (Part A of the Trail Making Test (Reitan, 1985), and the Stroop Color-Word Test (Golden, 1978)), (4) verbal proficiency (Vocabulary and Similarities subtests from the WASI), (5) verbal learning and memory (Four Word Short-Term Memory Test (Kobayashi et al, 2010) and the Rey Verbal Learning Test (Rey, 1958)), and (6) executive function (the Trail Making Test (Reitan, 1985) and the Stroop Color-Word Test (Golden, 1978)). See Supplementary Material for details regarding neuropsychological testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain morphology links systemic inflammation to cognitive function in midlife adults

Marsland

Gianaros

Kuan

et al. 2015

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

245

194

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Background Inflammation is linked to cognitive decline in midlife, but the neural basis for this link is unclear. One possibility is that inflammation associates with adverse changes in brain morphology, which accelerates cognitive aging and later dementia risk. Clear evidence is lacking, however, regarding whether inflammation relates to cognition in midlife via changes in brain morphology. Accordingly, the current study examines whether associations of inflammation with cognitive function are mediated by variation in cortical gray matter volume among midlife adults. Methods Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), relatively stable markers of peripheral systemic inflammation, were assessed in 408 community volunteers aged 30–54 years. All participants underwent structural neuroimaging to assess global and regional brain morphology and completed neuropsychological tests sensitive to early changes in cognitive function. Measurements of brain morphology (regional tissue volumes and cortical thickness and surface area) were derived using Freesurfer. Results Higher peripheral inflammation was associated with poorer spatial reasoning, short term memory, verbal proficiency, learning and memory, and executive function, as well as lower cortical gray and white matter volumes, hippocampal volume and cortical surface area. Mediation models with age, sex and intracranial volume as covariates showed cortical gray matter volume to partially mediate the association of inflammation with cognitive performance. Exploratory analyses of body mass suggested that adiposity may be a source of the inflammation linking brain morphology to cognition. Conclusions Inflammation and adiposity might relate to cognitive decline via influences on brain morphology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain morphology links systemic inflammation to cognitive function in midlife adults

Marsland

Gianaros

Kuan

et al. 2015

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

245

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The battery included measures of processing speed, short-term memory, executive function, semantic memory, and long-term memory. The following tests were administered: forward and backward digit span and verbal list learning from the Memory Assessment Scale battery (Williams, 1991), Trail Making tests A and B (Reitan and Wolfson, 1985), the Controlled Oral Word Association test (“FAS”) (Benton, 1994), Symmetry Span (Unsworth et al, 2005), Running Letter Span (Unsworth et al, 2005), and Digit/Symbol Substitution (Wechsler, 1997). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lasting memory enhancements of retrospective attention

et al. 2016

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Behavioral research has shown that spatial cues that orient attention toward task relevant items being maintained in visual short-term memory (VSTM) enhance item memory accuracy. However, it is unknown if these retrospective attentional cues (“retro-cues”) enhance memory beyond typical short-term memory delays. It is also unknown whether retro-cues affect the spatial information associated with VSTM representations. Emerging evidence suggests that processes that affect short-term memory maintenance may also affect long-term memory (LTM) but little work has investigated the role of attention in LTM. In the current event-related potential (ERP) study, we investigated the duration of retrospective attention effects and the impact of retrospective attention manipulations on VSTM representations. Results revealed that retro-cueing improved both VSTM and LTM memory accuracy and that posterior maximal ERPs observed during VSTM maintenance predicted subsequent LTM performance. N2pc ERPs associated with attentional selection were attenuated by retro-cueing suggesting that retrospective attention may disrupt maintenance of spatial configural information in VSTM. Collectively, these findings suggest that retrospective attention can alter the structure of memory representations, which impacts memory performance beyond short-term memory delays.

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“…The battery of neuropsychological tests administered to the initial 17 younger and 17 older participants comprised standard measures of verbal intellectual ability (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS-III) Vocabulary and Similarities, Wechsler, 1997); anterograde memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Rey, 1941; Wechsler Memory Scale–Third Edition (WMS-III) Verbal Paired Associates and Visual Reproductions, Wechsler, 1997); language (Token Test, McNeil & Prescott, 1978; Boston Naming Test, Goodglass et al, 2000); executive functioning (Trail Making Tests A and B, Reitan and Wolfson, 1985); and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Beck et al, 1996). We also administered the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (Douglas et al, 2000), as a measure of perceived communication competence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older adults catch up to younger adults on a learning and memory task that involves collaborative social interaction

Derksen

Duff

Weldon

et al. 2014

Memory

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Learning and memory abilities tend to decline as people age. The current study examines the question of whether a learning situation that emphasizes collaborative social interaction might help older persons overcome age-related learning and memory changes and thus perform similarly to younger persons. Younger and Older participants (n = 34 in each group) completed the Barrier Task, a game-like social interaction where partners work together to develop labels for a set of abstract tangrams. Participants were also administered standard clinical neuropsychological measures of memory, on which the Older group showed expected inferiority to the Younger group. On the Barrier Task, the Older group performed less well than the Younger group early on, but as the task progressed, the performance of the Older group caught up and became statistically indistinguishable from that of the Younger group. These results can be taken to suggest that a learning milieu characterized by collaborative social interaction can attenuate some of the typical memory disadvantages associated with being older.

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Theoretical, Methodological, and Validational Bases of the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Brain morphology links systemic inflammation to cognitive function in midlife adults

Brain morphology links systemic inflammation to cognitive function in midlife adults

The lasting memory enhancements of retrospective attention

Older adults catch up to younger adults on a learning and memory task that involves collaborative social interaction

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