Theoretical Limitations of Cathode-Ray Tubes

Langmuir, David B.

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1937.228419

Cited by 143 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For comparison, the temperature, evaporation rate (Reimann 1938) and emission density (Jones and Langmuir 1927) for a tungsten cathode are given for the same electron beam brightness, together with the life for a 0.005 in tungsten hairpin as calculated by extrapolating Bloomer's (I95 1) figures. It is assumed in calculating the brightness that it is limited only by the thermal velocity spread according to Langmuir (1937). No allowance is made for the effects of space-charge, which impose a limit on the maximum brightness that can be obtained.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrals in Hopf algebras

Verbovskii¹

1992

Russ. Math. Surv.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrals in Hopf algebras

Verbovskii¹

1992

Russ. Math. Surv.

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“…Using general optical principles, Langmuir, in a classic paper, showed that the current density in a focused beam of electrons has an upper limit (LANGMUIR, 1937). If we express this maximum current density obtainable in terms of a minimum diameter of the probing beam of electrons even in a system free of aberrations, we would have a minimum diameter of the spot as expressed in equation number 1.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscope Techniques in Biology

Hayes¹

1973

Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy

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“…86), / = 1 • 2v, so that (7) If v is increased, for a constant raster size, the spherical aberration increases and the deflection aberration decreases. An optimum choice of v exists for which the combined projector lens…”

Section: Fig 7bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic inclusion classifier for quality control in the steel industry

Beadle

Bennet

Einstein

et al. 1969

Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. UK

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The information required from an assessment of nonmetallic inclusions in steel is detailed. Particular reference is made to the Jernkontoret system. A need exists for an instrument which provides this information in a form and timescale which is adequate for some control to be exercised during the production stage. Possible approaches are outlined, and some advantages of the chosen system are enumerated. This system is based on an analysis of the electrons backscattered from the point of impact of a scanned electron microprobe. The principles and main functional elements of a prototype instrument, which includes all facilities from programming to printout, are described. Some of the inherent limitations of the system are discussed, and the measured instrumental performance, including reproducibility, is detailed. Preliminary results of measurements on typical steel samples are compared with those obtained by chemical analysis and optical assessment. Alternative presentations or processing of the output information is considered.

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Theoretical Limitations of Cathode-Ray Tubes

Cited by 143 publications

References 2 publications

Integrals in Hopf algebras

Integrals in Hopf algebras

Scanning Electron Microscope Techniques in Biology

Automatic inclusion classifier for quality control in the steel industry

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