Theoretical investigation of a polymer Mach–Zehnder electro-optic switch using 2N + 1 serial-coupled microrings with ultralow-driving voltage

Large Quadratic Electro-Optic Effect of the PLZT Thin Films for Optical Communication Integrated Devices

“…With the increase in people’s demand for information and the development of optical fiber communication technology, optical switching technologies are emergent as an immediate access to ameliorate the performance of optical information transmission. − Electro-optic (EO) devices with high switch speed, such as optical switches and spatial light modulators, are very important in the optical communication system. − At present, commercially well-established EO devices are typically based on LiNbO 3 crystals because of their high speed response and low incident light loss . However, the polarization-dependent property of LiNbO 3 crystal is a significant destabilizing factor, and the applications in low voltage driven optical communication devices are significantly restricted because of low EO coefficient and high driving voltage. , High cost of optical switch made from LiNbO 3 crystal and pursuing better EO properties and miniaturization drive people to explore new materials with a large EO coefficient ferroelectric oxide. − The ABO 3 -type ferroelectrics have drawn much attention for their low production cost, specifically outstanding EO coefficient, low half-wave voltage, and excellent optical transparency, for instance, the lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ferroelectric, which could be a promising candidate. − …”