Theoretical, experimental and field studies concerning diffusion of radioisotopes in sediments and suspended particles of the sea

Duursma, Egbert K.; Bosch, C.J.

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(70)90008-6

Cited by 134 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The chemical nature of Sr is characterized as having a ''distribution coefficient (K d )'' with a smaller value, being on the order of 10 2 (ml g À1 ) on average. 18,19) In Fig. 3(a), several relationships are clearly evident regarding the 90 Sr inventories and water depths: there was a positive correlation with the water column inventory (middle panel) and a negative correlation with the sediment column inventory (lower panel).…”

Section: Estimation Of Total Inventory At Each Site and Itsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Total Amounts of Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Japan Sea

Ito

Otosaka

Kawamura

2007

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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We estimated the total amounts of anthropogenic radionuclides, consisting of 90 Sr, 137 Cs, and 239þ240 Pu, in the Japan Sea for the first time based on experimental data on their concentrations in seawater and seabed sediment. The radionuclide inventories in seawater and seabed sediment at each sampling site varied depending on the water depth, with total inventories for 90 Sr, 137 Cs, and 239þ240 Pu in the range of 0.52-2.8 kBq m À2 , 0.64-4.1 kBq m À2 , and 27-122 Bq m À2 , respectively. Based on the relationship between the inventories and the water depths, the total amounts in the Japan Sea were estimated to be about 1:2 AE 0:4 PBq for 90 Sr, 1:8 AE 0:7 PBq for 137 Cs, and 69 AE 14 TBq for 239þ240 Pu, respectively; the amount ratio, 90 Sr: 137 Cs: 239þ240 Pu, was 1.0:1.6:0.059. The amounts of 90 Sr and 137 Cs in the Japan Sea were in balance with those supplied from global fallout, whereas the amount of 239þ240 Pu exceeded that supplied by fallout by nearly 40%. These results suggest a preferential accumulation of the plutonium isotopes. The data used in this study were obtained through a wide-area research project, named the ''Japan Sea expeditions (phase I),'' covering the Japanese and Russian exclusive economic zones.

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Section: Estimation Of Total Inventory At Each Site and Itsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Total Amounts of Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Japan Sea

Ito

Otosaka

Kawamura

2007

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…Since the KD of Zn2+ to sediments is generally lower in seawater than in freshwater systems (Duursma and Bosch 1970;Nyffeler et al 1984) one would not necessarily expect to find a similar dependency for Zn2+ in seawater because other removal mechanisms such as uptake at the boundaries might become more important. Moreover, only trace metals which vary little in chemical speciation from lake to lake would be expected to show a similar pattern.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle flux and trace metal residence time in natural waters1,1

Santsch

1984

Limnology & Oceanography

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A simple inverse relationship between trace metal residence time and particle flux through the water column is tested on the trace metals Zn2+ in freshwater and Th(IV) in ocean water systems with available data on the vertical flux and concentration of particulate matter and of Zn2+ in lakes or on the disequilibrium of U/Th nuclides in the ocean. Natural or model aquatic ecosystems with different chemical compositions and particle fluxes confirm the concept that the particle flux through the water column is the major factor regulating trace metal concentrations in natural waters.

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“…Sedimentation diflusion coeficientsSediment diffusion coefficients (D,) of sulfate and methane were determined experimentally at different depths by the instantaneous source technique (Duursma and Bosch 1970). Before diffusion measurements, the supernatant water was removed and the surfaces were cut horizontal and covered by a glass-fiber filter.…”

Section: Methane Concentration Measurements -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic methane oxidation rates at the sulfate‐methane transition in marine sediments from Kattegat and Skagerrak (Denmark)1

Iversen

Jørgensen

1985

Limnology & Oceanography

510

274

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Concomitant radiotracer measurements were made of in situ rates of sulfate reduction and anaerobic methane oxidation in 2-3-m-long sediment cores. Methane accumulated to high concentrations (> 1 mM CH,) only below the sulfate zone, at 1 m or deeper in the sediment. Sulfate reduction showed a broad maximum below the sediment surface and a smaller, narrow maximum at the sulfate-methane transition. Methane oxidation was low (0.002-0.1 nmol CH, cm-3 d-l) throughout the sulfate zone and showed a sharp maximum at the sulfate-methane transition, coinciding with the sulfate reduction maximum. Total anaerobic methane oxidation at two stations was 0.83 and 1.16 mmol CH4 m-2 d-* , ofwhich 96% was confined to the sulfate-methane transition. All the methane that was calculated to diffuse up into the sulfate-methane transition was oxidized in this zone. The methane oxidation was equivalent to 10% of the electron donor requirement for the total measured sulfate reduction. A third station showed high sulfate concentrations at all depths sampled and the total methane oxidation was only 0.0 13 mmol m-2 d-l.From direct measurements of rates, concentration gradients, and diffusion coefficients, simple calculations were made of sulfate and methane fluxes and of methane production rates.

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Theoretical, experimental and field studies concerning diffusion of radioisotopes in sediments and suspended particles of the sea

Cited by 134 publications

References 6 publications

Estimation of Total Amounts of Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Japan Sea

Estimation of Total Amounts of Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Japan Sea

Particle flux and trace metal residence time in natural waters1,1

Anaerobic methane oxidation rates at the sulfate‐methane transition in marine sediments from Kattegat and Skagerrak (Denmark)1

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