Theoretical Design of a Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Nitric Oxide with Enhanced Emission Induced by Photoninduced Electron Transfer

Abstract

In the present work, we systematically investigate the sensing abilities of two recently literature-reported two-photon fluorescent NO probes, i.e., the o-phenylenediamine derivative of Nile Red and the p-phenylenediamine derivative of coumarin. The recognition mechanisms of these probes are studied by using the molecular orbital classifying method, which demonstrates the photoinduced electron transfer process. In addition, we have designed two new probes by swapping receptor units present on fluorophores, i.e., the p-phenylenediamine derivative of Nile Red and the o-phenylenediamine derivative of coumarin. However, it illustrates that only the latter has ability to function as off-on typed fluorescent probe for NO. More importantly, calculations on the two-photon absorption properties of the probes demonstrate that both receptor derivatives of coumarin possess larger TPA cross-sections than Nile Red derivatives, which makes a better two photon fluorescent probe. Our theoretical investigations reveal that the underlying mechanism satisfactorily explain the experimental results, providing a theoretical basis on the structure-property relationships which is beneficial to developing new two-photon fluorescent probes for NO.

Sensing Performance Investigations on Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Detecting β-Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Nevertheless, a commonly used optical imaging approach based on one-photon excitation is often accompanied with interferences from self-absorption, auto-fluorescence, and photodamage [12,13]. In this context, the two-photon microscopy technique, which achieves increased penetration depth, small fluorescence background, and high three-dimensional resolution, has attracted increasingly more attention [14,15].…”

Characterization of Nile Red as a Tracer for Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Gasoline and Kerosene and Their Mixture with Biofuels

“…However, due to its temperature sensitivity, it is not applicable for LIF/Mie droplet sizing but is commonly used for thermometry [33,34]. The tracer nile red (C 20 H 18 N 2 O 2 ), which is mainly used in microfluidic systems and in biology applications [35,36,37], is another dye that can also be dissolved in real-world fuels [32]. However, its fluorescence characteristics have no yet been quantified for varying conditions, which is the topic of the present study.…”

A Novel Approach for Measurement of Composition and Temperature of N-Decane/Butanol Blends Using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Nile Red

“…The well-characterized fluorescence dye Eosin Y was utilized in earlier PDS studies [ 2 , 15 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] in ethanol and butanol sprays, but it is not soluble in alkanes. The tracer nile red (C 20 H 18 N 2 O 2 ) is commonly applied in the field of microfluidic systems and biology [ 26 , 27 ] and is also a suitable tracer for alkanes [ 28 , 29 ]. Nile red is a suitable tracer for PDS in alkanes due to its low temperature dependency at moderate ambient conditions.…”