Theoretical Considerations of Cross-immunity, Recombination and the Evolution of New Parasitic Strains

Tanaka, Mark M.; Feldman, Marcus W.

doi:10.1006/jtbi.1999.0906

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…However, it is also clear that important changes in system dynamics can proceed from specific changes at the level of the parameter values themselves. For instance, in accord with Tanaka and Feldman (1999), we note that changes in recombination rate affect the success of an invading genotype primarily by affecting the magnitude of the advantage or disadvantage conferred by its position in a particular crossreactivity (interference) structure. In broad terms, our results support the conclusions of several other recent modelers, in particular that immune-mediated relationships among genotypes may shape and be shaped by P. falciparum evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Meiotic Recombination, Cross-Reactivity, and Persistence in Plasmodium Falciparum

et al. 2001

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Abstract. We incorporate a representation of Plasmodium falciparum recombination within a discrete-event model of malaria transmission. We simulate the introduction of a new parasite genotype into a human population in which another genotype has reached equilibrium prevalence and compare the emergence and persistence of the novel recombinant forms under differing cross-reactivity relationships between the genotypes. Cross-reactivity between the parental (initial and introduced) genotypes reduces the frequency of appearance of recombinants within three years of introduction from 100% to 14%, and delays their appearance by more than a year, on average. Cross-reactivity between parental and recombinant genotypes reduces the frequency of appearance to 36% and increases the probability of recombinant extinction following appearance from 0% to 83%. When a recombinant is cross-reactive with its parental types, its probability of extinction is influenced by cross-reactivity between the parental types in the opposite manner; that is, its probability of extinction after appearance decreases. Frequencies of P. falciparum outcrossing are mediated by frequencies of mixed-genotype infections in the host population, which are in turn mediated by the structure of cross-reactivity between parasite genotypes. The three leading hypotheses about how meiosis relates to oocyst production lead to quantitative, but no qualitative, differences in these results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Meiotic Recombination, Cross-Reactivity, and Persistence in Plasmodium Falciparum

et al. 2001

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“…A variety of mathematical models for coinfections with multiple specific diseases, such as HIV/TB [43, 48, 6, 47], HIV/gonorrhea [40], HIV/malaria [1, 39], malaria and meningitis [29], general diseases [5, 7, 35, 28], and microparasites (viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi) [54, 10, 3, 4, 61], have been developed and analyzed in the past few years. Ferguson et al [16] and Kawaguchi et al [27] presented models to describe the coinfection of two serotypes of dengue virus in a human community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to the interaction between nonspecific agents or pathogens, Blyuss and Kyrychko [7] studied a two-disease SIS model with equal transmission efficiency for both susceptible and singly infected individuals; Allen et al [5] studied an SI model for a single host population with two viral infections, in which one is vertically transmitted and the other is horizontally transmitted; Zhang et al [60] proposed an ODEs coinfection model with two strains of parasites and two host types to study the influence of heterogeneities in parasite virulence and host life history on the persistence and spread of parasite strains; Martcheva and Pilyugin [35] considered an epidemic model of two diseases: a primary disease and a secondary disease, structured by time since infection structure (for the primary disease); in the monograph of Keeling and Rohani [28], the interaction of two pathogens spreading through a host population was discussed in four cases: complete cross-immunity, no cross-immunity, enhanced susceptibility and partial cross-immunity. Among these models either the uninfected hosts cannot become infected with both diseases/strains directly [38, 35, 28, 10], or there is no recovery and an infection is lifelong [54, 5, 4], or both [60, 3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, the condition of being simultaneously infected by multiple agents will be referred to simply as coinfection . Our model is similar to the model of Blyuss and Kyrychko [7] where the disease induced mortality is included, the doubly infected hosts recover from both diseases simultaneously and strong restrictions on transmission parameters are required, and to the models for coinfection by different species in Tanaka and Feldman [54] and Alizon [4] where disease-induced mortality may occur, but no recovery is possible (and the forces of infection follow a different rule).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coinfection dynamics of two diseases in a single host population

Gao¹,

Porco²,

Ruan³

2016

Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications

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A susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) epidemic model that describes the coinfection and cotransmission of two infectious diseases spreading through a single population is studied. The host population consists of two subclasses: susceptible and infectious, and the infectious individuals are further divided into three subgroups: those infected by the first agent/pathogen, the second agent/pathogen, and both. The basic reproduction numbers for all cases are derived which completely determine the global stability of the system if the presence of one agent/pathogen does not affect the transmission of the other. When the constraint on the transmissibility of the dually infected hosts is removed, we introduce the invasion reproduction number, compare it with two other types of reproduction number and show the uniform persistence of both diseases under certain conditions. Numerical simulations suggest that the system can display much richer dynamics such as backward bifurcation, bistability and Hopf bifurcation.

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“…The picture becomes more complicated under super-infection and coinfection [64,20,43,18,33,57,77,36,83,31, and references therein], under incomplete cross-immunity [5,7,47,66,74,27], or under (frequent) mutation, recombination, or within-host evolution of the parasite [33,70,79,83,31, and references therein]. The competition between several strains is also influenced by host population structure in the form of partnerships, kinships, or other social structures [33, and references therein], by spatial structure in the form of nearest neighborhood infection or patchiness [51,24], community structure [8], or, in macro-parasitic diseases, by the mode of parasite reproduction [76].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen Competition and Coexistence and the Evolution of Virulence

Thieme

Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering

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Summary. Competition between different strains of a micro-parasite which provide complete cross-protection and cross-immunity against each other selects for maximal basic replacement ratio if, in the absence of the disease, the host population is exclusively limited in its growth by a nonlinear population birth rate. For mass action incidence, the principle of R 0 maximization can be extended to exponentially growing populations, if the exponential growth rate is small enough that the disease can limit population growth. For standard incidence, though not in full extent, it can be extended to populations which, without the disease, either grow exponentially or are growth-limited by a nonlinear population death rate, provided that disease prevalence is low and there is no immunity to the disease. If disease prevalence is high, strain competition rather selects for low disease fatality. A strain which would go extinct on its own can coexist with a more virulent strain by protecting from it, if it has strong vertical transmission.

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Theoretical Considerations of Cross-immunity, Recombination and the Evolution of New Parasitic Strains

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Meiotic Recombination, Cross-Reactivity, and Persistence in Plasmodium Falciparum

Meiotic Recombination, Cross-Reactivity, and Persistence in Plasmodium Falciparum

Coinfection dynamics of two diseases in a single host population

Pathogen Competition and Coexistence and the Evolution of Virulence

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