Theoretical comparison of lattice parameter and particle size determination of pure tin oxide nanoparticles from powder X-ray diffraction

Amutha, T.; Rameshbabu, M.; Muthupandi, S.; Prabha, K.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.044

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the details of the XRD. Assuming that the contributions to line broadening from particle size and microstrain are independent of one other, the crystallite size ( D eff ) and the value of the microstrain were calculated by the Williamson–Hall relationship (Amutha et al , 2021): …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that the crystallite size of β-Sn, Ag 3 Sn, Cu 3 Sn IMC and ZnO NPs increased as the ZnO NPs content increased, with the exception of 0.5 and 1.0 Wt.% ZnO NPs, where the crystallite size decreased. Generally, the lattice parameters are directly related to particle size ( D ) via crystal quality, which is reflected in the lattice parameters (Amutha et al , 2021). It is reasonable to assume that the degree of distortion was proportional to the magnitude of the lattice parameters, that is, the larger the lattice parameters, the more distorted the lattice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnO nanoparticles and compositional dependence of structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of eutectic SAC355 lead-free solder

Al-sorory

Gumaan

Shalaby

2022

SSMT

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Purpose This paper aims to summarise the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 Wt.%) on the structure, mechanical, electrical and thermal stability of Sn–3.5Ag–0.5Cu (SAC355) solder alloys for high-performance applications. Design/methodology/approach The phase identification and morphology of the solders were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal parameters were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The elastic parameters such as Young's modulus (E) and internal friction (Q−1) were investigated using the dynamic resonance technique, whereas the Vickers hardness (Hv) and creep indentation (n) were examined using a Vickers microhardness tester. Findings Microstructural analysis revealed that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were distributed uniformly throughout the Sn matrix. Furthermore, addition of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 Wt.% of ZnO NPs to the eutectic (SAC355) prevented crystallite size reduction, which increased the strength of the solder alloy. Mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus improved significantly at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 Wt.% ZnO NP contents compared to the ZnO-free alloy. This variation can be understood by considering the plastic deformation. The Vickers hardness value (Hv) increased to its maximum as the ZnO NP content increased to 0.5. A stress exponent value (n) of approximately two in most composite solder alloys suggested that grain boundary sliding was the dominant mechanism in this system. The electrical resistance (ρ) increased its maximum value at 0.5 Wt.% ZnO NPs content. The addition of ZnO NPs to plain (SAC355) solder alloys increased the melting temperature (Tm) by a few degrees. Originality/value Development of eutectic (SAC355) lead-free solder doped with ZnO NPs use for electronic packaging.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanoparticles and compositional dependence of structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of eutectic SAC355 lead-free solder

Al-sorory

Gumaan

Shalaby

2022

SSMT

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“…Moreover, the mixed tetragonal structure of SnO2 can be shown in Figs b and c, based on the diffraction peaks (110), (101) that are situated at 2θ = 26.62° and 33.94°, respectively. (JCPDS 01-077-0447) [25][26] with Ag2O's hexagonal structure provided evidence that an Ag2O-SnO2 nanocomposite had formed. Moreover, it is noted that the peak intensities of the tetragonal SnO2 increased as the ratio of SnO2 increased from 0.2 to 0.4wt, indicating a reduction in the degree of crystallization of the hexagonal structure Ag2O 27 .…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based on the Scherrer equation below, the average crystallite size of nanocomposite (Ag2O)1-x (SnO2)x thin films was calculated for all peaks 25 : D = K λ / β cos θ ……………… 1 where D is crystallite size, k is a constant (0.9), λ the X-ray wavelength 1.5418 Å, θ is Bragg's diffraction angle and β is the angular line width of half maximum intensity. XRD results shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A selective NH3 gas sensor based on (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x nanocomposites thin films at various operating temperatures

Abas,

Baqer

2023

Baghdad Sci.J

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The pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was used to prepare the (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x nanocomposite thin films with different ratios of x=0, 0.2 and 0.4wt and deposited on glass substrates. The films were subsequently annealed in the air for two hours at 300 °C. The (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x nanocomposite was confirmed to have formed by the x-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation. According to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the created (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x particles were spherical in shape. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) is used to confirm the elements in composite films. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis shows that the produced films had grains size between 37.68 - 49.57nm and root mean square (RMS) roughness of 4.92-8.22nm. The prepared films have a direct energy gap between 2.06 and 3.36 eV, according to UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer data. The films have been tested for NH3 sensing under various operating temperatures. The observed variations in the gas sensing response's thin film resistance are suggestive of either n-type or p-type conductivity. When reducing gas is present, the resistance of (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x films increases when x=0, 0.2wt , indicating that the films are p-type, however, the thin film exhibits the reverse behavior at x=0.4wt, indicating that it is n-type. Additionally, all films produced showed a significant sensitivity to NH3 gas at 95 ppm concentration. The Ag2O thin film had a sensitivity of 50.5% at an operating temperature of 200°C with response and recovery times of 22.5 and 39.6 seconds, respectively. Furthermore, composite thin films showed greater sensitivity than pure silver oxide thin films.

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“…The tetragonal rutile structure was confirmed using XRD. Structural data was obtained and compared using the Nelson-Riley, Williamson-Hall plot, and Debye-Scherer methods [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural, optical, and morphological investigations of SnO₂ nanomaterials grown by microwave assisted sol gel method

Deshmukh,

Kadam

2024

Phys. Scr.

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Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanomaterials were grown using microwave assisted sol gel method at different concentrations of Tin precursor (namely 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M). Stannous Chloride is used as Sn precursor. Liquid Ammonia was used to maintain the pH in range 12-13. Synthesis was carried out in aqueous medium using Teflon container in microwave oven for 1 hour. Precipitate was annealed in air ambient for 600℃ for 5 hours. Structural, optical, morphological investigations were done. XRD reveals growth of tetragonal phase of SnO2 . Prominent presence of (110), (101), and (211) reflections were noticed at 26.6°, 33.7° and 52° twotheeta values. Comparative study of various structural parameters were carried out using Scherrer method, Williamson-Hall method, Uniform Deformation Model (UDM), Uniform Deformation Stress Model (USDM), Uniform Deformation Energy Density Model (UDEDM). Globular agglomerated morphology was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Presence of Tin (Sn) and Oxygen (O) was confirmed in Energy Dispersive X -Ray spectroscopy. Tauc method was used to obtain the band gap.

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Theoretical comparison of lattice parameter and particle size determination of pure tin oxide nanoparticles from powder X-ray diffraction

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

ZnO nanoparticles and compositional dependence of structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of eutectic SAC355 lead-free solder

ZnO nanoparticles and compositional dependence of structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of eutectic SAC355 lead-free solder

A selective NH3 gas sensor based on (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x nanocomposites thin films at various operating temperatures

Microstructural, optical, and morphological investigations of SnO₂ nanomaterials grown by microwave assisted sol gel method

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Theoretical comparison of lattice parameter and particle size determination of pure tin oxide nanoparticles from powder X-ray diffraction

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

ZnO nanoparticles and compositional dependence of structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of eutectic SAC355 lead-free solder

ZnO nanoparticles and compositional dependence of structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of eutectic SAC355 lead-free solder

A selective NH3 gas sensor based on (Ag2O)1-x(SnO2)x nanocomposites thin films at various operating temperatures

Microstructural, optical, and morphological investigations of SnO2 nanomaterials grown by microwave assisted sol gel method

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Microstructural, optical, and morphological investigations of SnO₂ nanomaterials grown by microwave assisted sol gel method