Theoretical Aspects of Microwave Irradiation Practices

Souza, Rodrigo O. M. A. de

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9612-5_1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The effect of MW irradiation on biomass hydrolysis was advantageous mainly by adopting short reaction times and therefore the window of the investigated reaction times was narrow and limited, never exceeding one hour. Temperature represented the main parameter of the process to be optimized, this choice being further supported by the perfect control of this parameter with the MW instrumentation [63]. In order to identify the appropriate reaction temperatures for the FA and LA synthesis, a wide screening of the reaction temperatures was studied, e.g., between 130 and 190 °C and the obtained hydrolyzates were analyzed by GC-MS (see Supplementary Information, Figures S1 and S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Conversion of Giant Reed to Furfural and Levulinic Acid: Optimization of the Process under Microwave Irradiation and Investigation of Distinctive Agronomic Parameters

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The hydrothermal conversion of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to furfural (FA) and levulinic acid (LA) was investigated in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid. FA and LA yields were improved by univariate optimization of the main reaction parameters: concentration of the acid catalyst, solid/liquid ratio of the reaction mixture, hydrolysis temperature, and reaction time. The catalytic performances were investigated adopting the efficient microwave (MW) irradiation, allowing significant energy and time savings. The best FA and LA yields were further confirmed using a traditionally heated autoclave reactor, giving very high results, when compared with the literature. Hydrolysis temperature and time were the main reaction variables to be carefully optimized: FA formation needed milder reaction conditions, while LA more severe ones. The effect of the crop management (e.g., harvest time) on FA/LA production was discussed, revealing that harvest time was not a discriminating parameter for the further optimization of both FA and LA production, due to the very high productivity of the giant reed throughout the year. The promising results demonstrate that giant reed represents a very interesting candidate for a very high contemporary production of FA and LA of up to about 70% and 90% of the theoretical yields, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Conversion of Giant Reed to Furfural and Levulinic Acid: Optimization of the Process under Microwave Irradiation and Investigation of Distinctive Agronomic Parameters

et al. 2015

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“…Gedye et al [ 6 ], the very first group of researchers that related microwave to organic chemistry, observed that the organic reactions could be carried out at a faster rate under microwave irradiation. Since this experiment, the application of microwave irradiation has been reviewed, and they observed that the microwave heating increased the reaction rate, and the formation of side products were reduced compared to the conventional heating method [ 30 ]. These acceleration, reactivity and selectivity changes observed during microwave-assisted reactions enabled energy saving and process intensification, and could be explained through the combination of thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves.…”

Section: Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Microwave-Assisted Reactions for Biodiesel Production

2017

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The conversion of biomass into chemicals and biofuels is an active research area as trends move to replace fossil fuels with renewable resources due to society’s increased concern towards sustainability. In this context, microwave processing has emerged as a tool in organic synthesis and plays an important role in developing a more sustainable world. Integration of processing methods with microwave irradiation has resulted in a great reduction in the time required for many processes, while the reaction efficiencies have been increased markedly. Microwave processing produces a higher yield with a cleaner profile in comparison to other methods. The microwave processing is reported to be a better heating method than the conventional methods due to its unique thermal and non-thermal effects. This paper provides an insight into the theoretical aspects of microwave irradiation practices and highlights the importance of microwave processing. The potential of the microwave technology to accomplish superior outcomes over the conventional methods in biodiesel production is presented. A green process for biodiesel production using a non-catalytic method is still new and very costly because of the supercritical condition requirement. Hence, non-catalytic biodiesel conversion under ambient pressure using microwave technology must be developed, as the energy utilization for microwave-based biodiesel synthesis is reported to be lower and cost-effective.

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“…According to the 12 principles of green chemistry [1], preparation and development of environmentally-friendly and harmless products and technologies are the main tasks. In this context, the application of the microwave (MW) technique in organic, inorganic, medicinal, analytical and polymer chemistry has spread fast [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Microwave-assisted synthesis is acknowledged as a breakthrough in synthetic chemistry in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal Characterization and Biological Activity of Schiff base Ligand Derived from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol and its Metal Complexes

MM¹

2019

OMCIJ

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Green, efficient and clean synthesis of a Schiff base ligand, 1-(((1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) imino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (TMN) has been synthesized in equimolar reaction (1:1) of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole as a primary amine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde as an aldehyde using microwave irradiation technique. The synthesized Schiff base ligand was then reacted with four transition metal ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in 1:1 molar ratio of ligand and metal acetate using microwave technique. The stereochemistry and the bonding characteristics of the ligand and its metal complexes were achieved based on elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis., NMR and ESR as well as Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The thermal dehydration and decomposition of Co (II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were studied kinetically using the integral method applying the Coats-Redfern and Horowitz Metzger equations. The antimicrobial activities of ligand and its Zn (II) complex were studied against the bacterial (positive and negative) grams and fungal strains.

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Theoretical Aspects of Microwave Irradiation Practices

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Hydrothermal Conversion of Giant Reed to Furfural and Levulinic Acid: Optimization of the Process under Microwave Irradiation and Investigation of Distinctive Agronomic Parameters

Hydrothermal Conversion of Giant Reed to Furfural and Levulinic Acid: Optimization of the Process under Microwave Irradiation and Investigation of Distinctive Agronomic Parameters

A Review of Microwave-Assisted Reactions for Biodiesel Production

Green Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal Characterization and Biological Activity of Schiff base Ligand Derived from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol and its Metal Complexes

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