Theoretical aspects of atomic mixing by ion beams

Sigmund, Peter; Gras‐Martí, A.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(81)90668-6

Cited by 506 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…Nucleation of gold atoms occurs with the low concentration fluctuations, and these nuclei grow directly from the supersaturation (due to poor solubility of Au in SiO 2 ) leading to agglomeration of bigger clusters with increasing fluence. 12 Growth of the cluster size with increasing annealing temperature may be due the fact that nuclei, which have reached a critical size, grow at the expense of smaller nuclei, known as the coarsening or ripening stage. 12 A blueshift of SPR peak with decreasing cluster size is observed (inset in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blue luminescence of Au nanoclusters embedded in silica matrix

Dhara

Chandra

Magudapathy

et al. 2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Growth of the cluster size with increasing annealing temperature may be due the fact that nuclei, which have reached a critical size, grow at the expense of smaller nuclei, known as the coarsening or ripening stage. 12 A blueshift of SPR peak with decreasing cluster size is observed (inset in Fig. 1) in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue luminescence of Au nanoclusters embedded in silica matrix

Dhara

Chandra

Magudapathy

et al. 2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…The former considers only ballistic properties, i.e., the atomic number of the ions and target as well as the energy deposited by collisions. 60 The thermal spike model takes into account the thermodynamic properties of solids, such as the heat of mixing, DH mix , and cohesive energy, DH coh . 61 The theoretical mixing rate was calculated using the ballistic model according to 60 k , respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 The thermal spike model takes into account the thermodynamic properties of solids, such as the heat of mixing, DH mix , and cohesive energy, DH coh . 61 The theoretical mixing rate was calculated using the ballistic model according to 60 k , respectively. These are an order of magnitude smaller than those found experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of focused-ion-beam–induced structural and compositional modifications in nanoscale bilayer systems by combined grazing incidence x ray reflectivity and fluorescence

Arac

Burn

Eastwood

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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2012) 'Study of focused-ion-beaminduced structural and compositional modications in nanoscale bilayer systems by combined grazing incidence x ray reectivity and uorescence.', Journal of applied physics., 111 (4). 044324.Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. A detailed analysis of the structural and compositional changes in NiFe=Au bilayers induced by a focused ion beam (FIB) is presented. NiFe=Au bilayers with different thickness were irradiated with a focused 30 keV Ga þ ion beam, and the evaluation of the individual layers and interfaces were investigated systematically as a function of a broad range of irradiation fluence using grazing incidence x ray reflectivity (GIXRR) and angular dependent x ray fluorescence (ADXRF) techniques carried out at synchrotron radiation sources. Experimental data were collected from 1.3 mm Â 4.5 mm structures, and irradiation of such a broad areas with a 100-nm-wide focused ion beam is a challenging task. Two irradiation regimes were identified: For Ga þ fluences < 15.6 Â 10 14 ion=cm 2 (low dose regime), the main influence of the focused ion beam is on the interface and, beyond this dose (high dose regime), sputtering effects and ion implantation becomes significant, eventually causing amorphization of the bilayer system. The broadening of the NiFe=Au interface occurs even at the lowest dose, and above a critical fluence (U ¼ 1.56 Â 10 14 ion=cm 2 ) can be represented by an interfacial-intermixed layer (Ni x Fe y Au (1-x-y) ; x ¼ 0.5-0.6, y ¼ 0.1-0.15) formed between the NiFe and Au layers. The thickness of this layer increases with irradiation fluence in the low dose regime. A linear relationship is found between the squared intermixing length and irradiation fluence, indicating that FIB-induced mixing is diffusion controlled. The ballistic model fails to describe FIB-induced intermixing, indicating that thermodynamical factors, which might be originated from FIB specific features, should be taken into account. Despite the complexity of the chemical and structural formation, good agreement between the experiment and theory highlights the functionality of the combined GIXRR and ADXRF techniques for studying intermixing in high resolution. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx

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“…Fluctuations in the concentration nucleate gold atoms and these nuclei can grow directly from the supersaturation. With increasing fluence, agglomeration to bigger clusters is likely [13].…”

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confidence: 99%