Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Security in Social Research

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of security in foreign and domestic works. Security is understood differently for every country and every person. The security problems in Europe are not the same as those in sub-Saharan Africa. While in the first case we are talking about problems associated with terrorism and migration flows, in the second case - with the problems of hunger and ethno-religious violence. Various approaches to the concept of security, whether too broad or too narrow, explore one particular aspect of security: for traditional security, it is the protection of the state; for human security, it is the protection of the individual. All concepts of security, whether ecological or informational, are interconnected, and the emerging "non-traditional" concepts of security are becoming increasingly important security can be defined as freedom from all kinds of threats (physical, economic, social, political and psychological) to the existence and survival of the state, the human race and other living beings. Theories and perspectives such as idealism, realism, neoliberalism and constructivism have treated the meaning of security in different ways. The traditional view of security before and during the Cold War, which focuses on protecting the state from threats to national interests, has expanded since the end of the Cold War. Security discussions now include issues such as economic security, environmental security, food security, and personal security, among others. In addition, various schools of thought have emerged that explain security differently than the traditional concept. In particular, we can distinguish such security schools as the Welsh, Paris and Copenhagen. Despite the existence of various ideas explaining what security is and how best to guarantee the security of states and individuals, the world is still inherently insecure.