Theoretical Approaches to the Functioning of International Logistics Systems

Abstract

The essence of the concept of logistics system and the basic principles of its functioning are investigated in the article, the most widespread formats of functioning and levels of the international logistics systems in the current conditions are considered. Perspective directions of international logistics development are determined. It is revealed that the logistics system is a complex, organizationally complete (structured) economic system consisting of elements (links), interconnected in a single process of resource flow management.The main logistics functions include: material logistics, production and inventory management, product distribution management, order processing, transportation, packaging, warehousing, inventory management, customer service. The whole set of functions in the current conditions is performed by international logistics systems, providing its customers with the maximum level of satisfaction of their needs.Currently, there are 5 levels of logistics systems in the world: First Party Logistics, Second Party Logistics, Third Party Logistics, Fourth Party Logistics and Fifth Party Logistics -5PL. The operation of international logistics systems is based on the general principles of management, taking into account the specifics of logistics activities, including system and complexity, coordination of performance evaluation criteria, organization of cost accounting and active use of information technology. It is proved that the logistics process must take place in compliance with the basic rules of logistics -the rules of "7R": right product -the right product, right quality -the right quality, right quantity -the right quantity, right time -the right time, right place -the right place, right customer -the right consumer, right cost -with the required level of costs. These principles