Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion

Brainerd, Charles J.; Reyna, Valerie F.; Zember, Eric

doi:10.3758/s13421-010-0043-2

Cited by 58 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…However, evidence is accumulating that age, by itself, cannot be used to predict false memory propensity (Brainerd, Reyna, & Zember, 2011;Otgaar et al, 2016). Instead, our research suggests that other factors should be taken into account when, for example, legal professionals (e.g., police) want to assess a witness' vulnerability to false memories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Eliminating age differences in children’s and adults’ suggestibility and memory conformity effects.

Otgaar

Howe

Brackmann

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractWe examined whether typical developmental trends in suggestion-induced false memories (i.e., age-related decrease) could be changed. Using theoretical principles from the spontaneous false memory field, we adapted two often-used false memory procedures: misinformation (Experiment 1) and memory conformity (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 7/9-year old children (n = 33) and adults (n = 39) received stories containing associatively-related details. They then listened to misinformation in the form of short narrative preserving the meaning of the story. Children and adults were equally susceptible to the misinformation effect. In Experiment 2, younger (7/8-yearolds, n = 30) and older (11/12-year-olds, n = 30) children and adults (n = 30) viewed pictures containing associatively-related details. They viewed these pictures in pairs. Although the pictures differed, participants believed they had viewed the same pictures. Participants had to report what they could recollect during collaborative and individual recall tests. Children and adults were equally susceptible to memory conformity effects. When correcting for response bias, adults' false memory scores were even higher than children's. Our results show that age trends in suggestion-induced false memories are not developmentally invariant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Eliminating age differences in children’s and adults’ suggestibility and memory conformity effects.

Otgaar

Howe

Brackmann

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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“…Since previous studies have found a difference in performance on the DRM paradigm between younger and older children (e.g., Brainerd, Holliday, Reyna, Yang, & Toglia, 2010;Brainerd, Reyna, & Zember, 2011), an exploratory repeated measures ANOVA was performed with VALENCE (neutral vs. negative) as within subjects factor and GROUP (high CU group vs. low CU group) and AGE (8/9 years vs. 11/12 years) as between subjects factors. For this analysis, there were 8 8/9-year old children with low CU traits, 6 8/9 year old children with high CU traits, 6 11/12 year old children with low CU traits, and 12 11/12 year old children with high CU traits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since previous research has found an age effect in DRM-performance (e.g., Brainerd et al, 2010;Brainerd et al, 2011), the low and high CU children in the present study were divided by age. Results showed that 11/12-year old children with low CU traits recalled significantly more critical lures for the negative word lists compared to the neutral word lists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emotional true and false memories in children with callous-unemotional traits

Thijssen

Otgaar

Howe

et al. 2013

Cognition & Emotion

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Citation: Thijssen, J., Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L. & de Ruiter, C. (2013). Emotional true and false memories in children with callous-unemotional traits. Cognition and Emotion, 27(4), pp. 761-768. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2012.744300 This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Several studies have found that children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits have a deficit in processing emotionally negative material. The present study examined whether this deficit also affects emotional memory. Twenty-two children with low CU traits and 24 children with high CU traits between 8 and 12 years of age were selected from a community sample and presented with neutral and negative emotional words, using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. On true recall, there was no difference between the groups. Both groups had higher true recall rates for the neutral word lists than for the negative lists. However, on false recall, although there were no group differences for neutral word lists, the high CU group recalled significantly fewer critical lures on the negative word lists than the low CU group. Furthermore, the high CU group had significantly less false recall on the negative word lists compared to the neutral word lists, while the low CU group showed no difference in false recall between the word lists. These results indicate that children with high CU traits have no deficiencies in true memory performance, yet are less susceptible to developing false memories concerning emotionally negative material. Permanent3 Acknowledgements

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“…well as in recognition (Payne, Ellie, Blackwell, & Neuschatz, 1996; for an overview, see Gallo, 2010). Using the DRM paradigm, many studies have found an increase of false memories from early childhood into adolescence (for overviews, see Brainerd, Reyna, & Ceci, 2008;Brainerd, Reyna, & Zember, 2011). The current study was aimed at examining the processes underlying the DRM illusion in kindergarten and elementary school-aged children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This development could suggest that children become increasingly efficient at controlling the emergence of false memories. However, many studies on the DRM illusion reported developmental reversals in false memory, meaning higher rates of false memories in older children as compared with younger children (e.g., Brainerd et al, 2008Brainerd et al, , 2011. This increase with age apparently reflects a stronger associative activation of critical items (Wimmer & Howe, 2009) or better gist extraction (Brainerd & Reyna, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual processes of false recognition in kindergarten children and elementary school pupils

Tempel

Frings

Mecklenbräuker

2015

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion

Cited by 58 publications

References 101 publications

Eliminating age differences in children’s and adults’ suggestibility and memory conformity effects.

Eliminating age differences in children’s and adults’ suggestibility and memory conformity effects.

Emotional true and false memories in children with callous-unemotional traits

Dual processes of false recognition in kindergarten children and elementary school pupils

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