“…Because the feed amount, f, was much smaller than the radius of the tool nose, R, for a clearer expression, the actual vortex-line track of the tool nose was simplified into three double-point scribe-line circular tracks. The relationships between the rotational speed, n, the feed rate, F, the feed amount, f, the maximum surface roughness, Rz, the cutting velocity of the tool nose, v, and the actual maximum cutting depth, apm, are shown in Equations ( 7)- (10):…”