Theoretical and experimental investigations of the limits to the maximum output power of laser diodes

Wenzel, H.; Crump, P.; Pietrzak, A.; Wang, X; Erbert, G.; Tränkle, G.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/8/085007

Cited by 96 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We have also applied the TPA model to data published earlier by another group as the data has a larger power and current range [2]. Optical power measured in short-pulse operation is reproduced in Figure 3.This laser diode is also a 4mm cavity length, 100-µm single emitter.…”

Section: Two Photon Absorption In High Power Laser Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In continuous wave (CW) operation, the dominant power-limiting mechanism is the heating of the active region. In order to eliminate thermal effects and study other mechanisms, it is customary to operate laser diodes with low-dutyfactor short pulses [1], [2]. In pulsed operation, higher optical powers are achieved as the thermal roll-over is eliminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current dependent carrier leakage and carrier accumulation in the p-waveguide have been proposed as the dominant mechanism that limits the optical power [1]- [2]. Additional mechanisms including gain saturation, spectral hole burning, and longitudinal spatial hole burning have also been suggested [1], [2]. The dominance of each mechanism and its contribution to limiting the optical power depends on a number of parameters including laser structure, number of quantum wells, cavity length, and facet reflectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two photon absorption in high power broad area laser diodes

et al. 2014

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Recent advances in thermal management and improvements in fabrication and facet passivation enabled extracting unprecedented optical powers from laser diodes (LDs). However, even in the absence of thermal roll-over or catastrophic optical damage (COD), the maximum achievable power is limited by optical non-linear effects. Due to its non-linear nature, two-photon absorption (TPA) becomes one of the dominant factors that limit efficient extraction of laser power from LDs. In this paper, theoretical and experimental analysis of TPA in high-power broad area laser diodes (BALD) is presented. A phenomenological optical extraction model that incorporates TPA explains the reduction in optical extraction efficiency at high intensities in BALD bars with 100µm-wide emitters. The model includes two contributions associated with TPA: the straightforward absorption of laser photons and the subsequent single photon absorption by the holes and electrons generated by the TPA process. TPA is a fundamental limitation since it is inherent to the LD semiconductor material. Therefore scaling the LDs to high power requires designs that reduce the optical intensity by increasing the mode size.

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Section: Two Photon Absorption In High Power Laser Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two photon absorption in high power broad area laser diodes

et al. 2014

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“…This requires improvement of chip performance. Maximum output of conventional high power semiconductor lasers has been limited [3] to rollover power levels of 20 to 25W for broad-area 100 um wide lasers under continuous wave (CW) room temperature conditions [2,4]. Although semiconductor material growth quality and laser design has reached a high maturity, further increase of the power from a semiconductor laser chip remained challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

29.5W continuous wave output from 100um wide laser diode

Demir

Peters

Duesterberg

et al. 2015

High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications XIII

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We report modeling and experimental results that demonstrate mechanisms limiting the output power of semiconductor lasers and a method experimentally yielding a dramatic increase of the maximum continuous wave output power. Unfolded cavity is used to achieve higher power and efficiency by improving the alignment between the carrier and photon density profiles in a long cavity device. This method offers reduced longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) and lower photon density inside the laser cavity; therefore, it decreases possible LSHB and non-linear effects that could limit the output power of a semiconductor laser. We have demonstrated 29.5W output from 5.7mm long and 100um wide waveguide at 9xx nm using an unfolded cavity. A semiconductor laser with an unfolded cavity allows scaling of the output power by increasing the cavity length.

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“…Moreover, improvements in material growth and laser epitaxial design from efforts such as the DARPA SHEDS program, has demonstrated laser diode efficiencies as high as 85% [1]. This has enabled the growth of laser cavities as long as 8mm in length [3] which has greatly reduced the thermal resistance of laser diode bars and has allowed for the development of higher power lasers diodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling and simulation of laser diode diamond microcoolers

Matin

Zheng

Bar‐Cohen

2014

Fourteenth Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)

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High heat flux management schemes in laser diodes require appropriate cooling applications. Micro channel coolers are now widely used in high power laser diode industry with the highest total thermal resistance reported as low as 0.03 cm 2 -K/W with pressure drops as low as 10~50 psi. Since, the geometries, flow rates as well as high heat fluxes of current SOA LD micro-coolers differ, it is necessary to understand their thermal performance relative to conductive, convective and caloric thermal resistance. To do this comparison an equivalent effective micro-cooler thermal model is developed and then iterated with scaled input parameters from SOA LD micro-coolers. The objective is to identify the dominant thermal resistance -that plays the major role in decreasing the total thermal resistance. This paper will then predict a micro cooler that will perhaps be able to reduce total thermal resistance lower than 0.01 Kcm 2 /W with minimal pressure drop for next generation high heat flux applications. The current study will be restricted to only single phase liquid cooling.

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Theoretical and experimental investigations of the limits to the maximum output power of laser diodes

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Two photon absorption in high power broad area laser diodes

Two photon absorption in high power broad area laser diodes

29.5W continuous wave output from 100um wide laser diode

Numerical modeling and simulation of laser diode diamond microcoolers

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