“…The other parts were modeled as per the operating requirements of the valves. In order to study the effect of pressurized air flow from valve orifice to exhaust protection cover orifice, fluid behavior and flow properties through the circular orifices and elongated circular orifices were discussed theoretically and experimentally validated in [1]. The airflow through the 3D valve passages was considered to be isothermal, compressible and turbulent.…”