“…For example, Sokollik et al (2009), with an unusually large magnification of M ¼ 70 (which would not be suitable for most experiments) and a time gating of δt G ¼ 4.5 ns, obtained a temporal resolution of δt ∼ 65 ps. However, even with δt G ∼ 1 ns [possible in principle if using state-of-the art scintillators and/or gating (Hu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018;Shevelev et al, 2022)] and a relatively large but more typical magnification M (for instance, M ∼ 20), it is challenging to reach temporal resolutions comparable to the picosecond capabilities of RCF and TNSA sources; see Sec. II.C.4.…”