Theoretical and experimental foundations for preparing coke for blast-furnace smelting

Podkorytov, A. L.; Кузнецов, А. М.; Dymchenko, E. N.; Padalka, V. P.; Yaroshevskii, S. L.; Kuzin, A. V.

doi:10.1007/s11015-009-9181-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Modern BF requires large coke size (40-60 mm or 40-80 mm) with low reactivity to reduce the coke consumption in the upper part of BF shaft and to maintain good permeability in the lower part of the shaft [24]. Also, the size distribution should be narrow to maintain permeable coke structure in the BF [25]. The screening of metallurgical coke to get the proper size for BF resulted in a generation of under-sieve small coke namely "nut coke".…”

Section: Active Nut Cokementioning

confidence: 99%

Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology: potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption

Mousa

2019

Metall Mater Eng

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Iron and steel making is one of the most intense energy consuming in the industrial sectors. The intensive utilization of fossil carbon in the ironmaking blast furnace (BF) is related directly to CO2 emission and global warming. Lowering the energy consumption and CO2 emission from BF comes on the top priorities from both economic and environmental aspects. The BF has undergone tremendous modifications and development to increase production and improve the overall efficiency. Both technological development and scientific research drive one another to reach optimum operation conditions, which are very close to the ideal conditions; however, further development is still required to meet the stringent environmental regulations. The present article provides a comprehensive review of recent research and development which were carried out in modern blast furnace to increase the productivity meanwhile reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission to meet the demand of steel market and the environmental protection. The recent technological and metallurgical improvements in the BF are intensively discussed including: (i) modifications of BF design, top charging and measuring system, (ii) upgrading of conventional top charging burden and alternative agglomerates, (iii) developing of tuyeres injection system and injected materials, and (iv) potentials of waste heat recovery and usage. These topics are reviewed and discussed in some details to elucidate the potential of recent progress in BF technology in saving the energy consumption and lowering CO2 emission. In this paper, the major research and development which have been carried out in ironmaking BF technology are reviewed with an overview of the future prospects.

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Section: Active Nut Cokementioning

confidence: 99%

Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology: potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption

Mousa

2019

Metall Mater Eng

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“…BF requires special coke size, as well as relatively low reactive coke, to maintain the furnace permeability in the lower part of the shaft [32]. In addition, the size distribution should be narrow to maintain a stable operation and low coke rate [33]. The required size is in the range of 40 to 60 mm which can be achieved by screening the produced coke, the screening results in generation of under-sieve coke, which is known as nut coke.…”

Section: Active (Nut) Cokementioning

confidence: 99%

New Trends in the Application of Carbon-Bearing Materials in Blast Furnace Iron-Making

Ahmed

2018

Minerals

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The iron and steel industry is still dependent on fossil coking coal. About 70% of the total steel production relies directly on fossil coal and coke inputs. Therefore, steel production contributes by ~7% of the global CO2 emission. The reduction of CO2 emission has been given highest priority by the iron- and steel-making sector due to the commitment of governments to mitigate CO2 emission according to Kyoto protocol. Utilization of auxiliary carbonaceous materials in the blast furnace and other iron-making technologies is one of the most efficient options to reduce the coke consumption and, consequently, the CO2 emission. The present review gives an insight of the trends in the applications of auxiliary carbon-bearing material in iron-making processes. Partial substitution of top charged coke by nut coke, lump charcoal, or carbon composite agglomerates were found to not only decrease the dependency on virgin fossil carbon, but also improve the blast furnace performance and increase the productivity. Partial or complete substitution of pulverized coal by waste plastics or renewable carbon-bearing materials like waste plastics or biomass help in mitigating the CO2 emission due to its high H2 content compared to fossil carbon. Injecting such reactive materials results in improved combustion and reduced coke consumption. Moreover, utilization of integrated steel plant fines and gases becomes necessary to achieve profitability to steel mill operation from both economic and environmental aspects. Recycling of such results in recovering the valuable components and thereby decrease the energy consumption and the need of landfills at the steel plants as well as reduce the consumption of virgin materials and reduce CO2 emission. On the other hand, developed technologies for iron-making rather than blast furnace opens a window and provide a good opportunity to utilize auxiliary carbon-bearing materials that are difficult to utilize in conventional blast furnace iron-making.

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“…This increase in prime hard coking coal is not an appropriate action for stamp charge coke oven batteries because it increases oven wall pressure and coal blend cost. Hence, many researchers have tried to efficiently use non-coking coal to reduce the coal blend cost without compromising the coke quality. − Several factors like the intrinsic properties of coal and weathering phenomena also affect coke quality . The literature reported that the poor quality of coke affects the ironmaking process mainly in two ways, viz., (i) the blast furnace operations team increases coke rate to meet the process requirements if the coke quality deteriorates significantly and (ii) the coke plant process team increases the PHCC coal composition in the coal blend, resulting in high blend cost to improve the coke quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also helps in withstanding high temperature and acts as a source of reducing gas towards the upper part of the reducing and smelting zone. The working volume of the blast furnace has increased to more than 5000 m 3 . 1 These modern blast furnaces demand a high coke quality, an exceptionally high coke strength after reaction (CSR), and a moderate coke reactivity index (CRI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Metallurgical Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) and Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR): An Experimental Study

et al. 2022

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The coke reactivity index and coke strength after reaction are critical parameters for the efficient operation of a blast furnace. Therefore, maintaining desired qualities of the produced coke as per coal blend chemistry and coke oven battery parameters is essential. However, the coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength after reaction (CSR) vary from laboratory to laboratory even though they have the same determination methodology. In the present investigation, a unique laboratory sample holder for reactivity test has been developed. The test method by Nippon Steel Corporation (NSC) has been compared with the newly developed sample holder method. The correlation between coke CRI and CSR has been studied with samples with a wide range of reactivity in the repeatability test. Results confirmed that the reactivity of coke highly depends on the reaction of individual coke pieces participating in the test. Despite undergoing strict process monitoring of the testing procedure of hot strength of coke, the present study confirmed that a variation of ±2 points in coke CSR and CRI does not affect coke quality in a single reading. The study also includes the influence of the number of coke pieces in the test sample to optimize the coke bed height. This paper described in detail the methodologies adopted, addressing the factors resulting in differences in CRI/CSR values within the same coke.

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Theoretical and experimental foundations for preparing coke for blast-furnace smelting

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology: potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption

Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology: potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption

New Trends in the Application of Carbon-Bearing Materials in Blast Furnace Iron-Making

Variability in Metallurgical Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) and Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR): An Experimental Study

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