Theoretical and experimental approaches of bacteria‐biomaterial interactions

Abstract

Bacterial adhesion to surfaces is a complicated process influenced by many factors including the bacteria (surface energy and charge, molecular details), the substratum surface (chemical composition, roughness, configuration, surface energy and charge) and environmental factors (serum proteins, flow conditions, temperature, bacterial concentration, time of exposure, antibiotics). The models that have been proposed for the quantitative prediction of bacteria-material interactions are based on colloidal theories and macromolecular binding considerations. Two categories of techniques used in calculating bacterial adhesion strength and bacteriamaterial interactions have been proposed: those that utilize fluid flowing against adherent bacteria and those that manipulate single bacteria (atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers), and are concisely reviewed.

Bacteriostatic behavior of surface modulated silicon nitride in comparison to polyetheretherketone and titanium

“…A biomaterial's surface topography is generally considered to be an important parameter in biofilm formation. Features such as crevices, asperities, voids, or porosity on the order of the size of the bacteria are believed to provide shelter against biological fluid flow (that is, shear) and phagocytes . In contrast to the size of eukaryotic cells which have typical diameters of between 10 µm and 100 µm, bacteria are miniscule, with cell dimensions of about 0.2 µm in diameter × 2–8 µm length.…”

“…In their planktonic state, their motility is affected by various physical and electrokinetic forces, including Brownian motion, van der Waals attraction, Columbic attraction or repulsion, and even gravity . Several analytical models have been developed to explain their movement and attachment mechanisms, the most advanced of which is the Extended DLVO theory . Within the biological medium, it accounts for electrokinetic interactions of individually dispersed bacterium and the prosthetic surface including surface roughness, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic effects.…”

Bacterial biofilms associated with food particles in the human large bowel

“…In vitro and in vivo experimentation is complemented by mathematical modeling. There are three accepted theories that describe attachment of charged molecules or cells to a substratum in a liquid environment: Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO), Lifshitz–van der Waals (LW) acid–base (AB) approach to thermodynamic theory and extended DLVO (XDLVO) theory 80.…”

CHAPTER 13. Bacterial Adhesion and Interaction with Biomaterial Surfaces

“…Adhesion was higher on the CH 3 followed by the positively charged NH 2 , the non-charged NH 2 groups, the COOH, and minimal on the OH-terminated glass, in accordance with the predictions of the thermodynamic theory. 100,101 However, both studies showed that the increase in the shear rate restricted the predictability of the theory, suggesting the importance of nature of environment on bacterial adhesion. 99,100 Surface roughness is a two-dimensional parameter of a material surface and is generally characterized as the value of arithmetical mean deviation of the height profile (R a ).…”

“…165 The fluid dynamics in flow chambers have been characterized elsewhere. 160 Another configuration of chambers is that of the radial flow chamber. It consists of two flat disks separated by a thin gap, and the fluid flows in through the center of the fixed disc and flows out radially through the gap between the discs.…”