Theoretical Analysis of the Stresses in Pipe Bends Subjected to Out-of-Plane Bending

Smith, R. T.

doi:10.1243/jmes_jour_1967_009_020_02

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Turner and Ford 2 and Smith 3 studied the pipe bends theoretically under bending moments based on the principle of mechanics of material using small deformation assumptions. Hilsenkopf et al 4 performed experiments to study the pipe bends subjected to internal pressure and bending moments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of collapse moment of pressurized 30°–180° bend pipes subjected to out-of-plane bending moment

Kumar

Roy

Khan

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The present paper determines collapse moments of pressurized 30°–180° pipe bends incorporated with initial geometric imperfection under out-of-plane bending moment. Extensive finite element analyses are carried out considering material as well as geometric nonlinearity. The twice-elastic-slope method is used to determine collapse moment. The results show that initial imperfection produces significant change in collapse moment for unpressurized pipe bends and pipe bends applied to higher internal pressure. The application of internal pressure produces stiffening effect to pipe bends which increases collapse moment up to a certain limit and with further increase in pressure, collapse moment decreases. The bend angle effect on collapse moment reduces with the increase in internal pressure and bend radius. Based on finite element results, collapse moment equations are formed as a function of the pipe bend geometry parameters, initial geometric imperfection, bend angle, and internal pressure for elastic-perfectly plastic material models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of collapse moment of pressurized 30°–180° bend pipes subjected to out-of-plane bending moment

Kumar

Roy

Khan

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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show abstract

“…Rodabaugh and George [4] made a serious attempt to analyse the effect of internal pressure on stresses when the elbow is being subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane moments, and after some modification for hoop membrane stresses by Gross [5], the combined analyses form the basis of the stress indices currently used in the nuclear piping code of ASME Section III [6]. The BS 806 [7] code is based on studies carried out by Turner and Ford [8] and Smith [9]. They accounted for mid-wall strain and did not limit the value of R=r m ; i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of pressure, in-plane moment and torque loadings on piping elbows

Ayob

Moffat

Mistry

2003

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

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“…1 1 Here, we use the term “unoccupied” to eliminate the gender bias inherent to the more widespread term “unmanned” (Smith, 2004). …”

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confidence: 99%

Fly with care: belugas show evasive responses to low altitude drone flights

Aubin

Mikus

Michaud³

et al. 2023

Marine Mammal Science

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Drones have become an important research tool for studies of cetaceans, providing valuable insights into their ecology and behavior. However, drones are also recognized as a potential source of disturbance to cetaceans, particularly when flown at low altitudes. In this study, we examined the impact of drones on endangered St. Lawrence belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), and reviewed drone studies of cetaceans to identify altitude thresholds linked to disturbance. We repurposed drone footage of free‐living belugas taken at various altitudes, speeds, and angles‐of‐approach, and noted the animals' reactions. Evasive reactions to the drone occurred during 4.3% (22/511) of focal group follows. Belugas were more likely to display sudden dives during low‐altitude flights, particularly flights below 23 m. Sudden dives were also more likely to occur in larger groups and were especially common when a drone first approached a group. We recommend that researchers maintain a lower altitude limit of 25 m in drone‐assisted studies of belugas and approach larger groups with caution. This recommendation is in line with our literature review, which indicates that drone flights above 30 m are unlikely to provoke disturbance among cetaceans.

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Theoretical Analysis of the Stresses in Pipe Bends Subjected to Out-of-Plane Bending

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of collapse moment of pressurized 30°–180° bend pipes subjected to out-of-plane bending moment

Evaluation of collapse moment of pressurized 30°–180° bend pipes subjected to out-of-plane bending moment

The interaction of pressure, in-plane moment and torque loadings on piping elbows

Fly with care: belugas show evasive responses to low altitude drone flights

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