Theileria sp. OT3 and other tick-borne pathogens in sheep and ticks in Italy: Molecular characterization and phylogeny

Giangaspero, Annunziata; Marangi, Marianna; Papini, Roberto Amerigo; Paoletti, Barbara; Wijnveld, Michiel; Jongejan, Frans

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.09.007

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…simplex . This piroplasms (with unknown pathogenicity) was formerly reported to infect small ruminants in Italy [42], but recently its DNA has also been reported from Haemaphysalis punctata in northern Hungary [37], and this tick species is known to infest bats [10]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA of Piroplasms of Ruminants and Dogs in Ixodid Bat Ticks

Hornok¹,

Szőke²,

Kováts³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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In this study 308 ticks (Ixodes ariadnae: 26 larvae, 14 nymphs, five females; I. vespertilionis: 89 larvae, 27 nymphs, eight females; I. simplex: 80 larvae, 50 nymphs, nine females) have been collected from 200 individuals of 17 bat species in two countries, Hungary and Romania. After DNA extraction these ticks were molecularly analysed for the presence of piroplasm DNA. In Hungary I. ariadnae was most frequently identified from bat species in the family Vespertilionidae, whereas I. vespertilionis was associated with Rhinolophidae. Ixodes ariadnae was not found in Romania. Four, four and one new bat host species of I. ariadnae, I. vespertilionis and I. simplex were identified, respectively. DNA sequences of piroplasms were detected in 20 bat ticks (15 larvae, four nymphs and one female). I. simplex carried piroplasm DNA sequences significantly more frequently than I. vespertilionis. In I. ariadnae only Babesia vesperuginis DNA was detected, whereas in I. vespertilionis sequences of both B. vesperuginis and B. crassa. From I. simplex the DNA of B. canis, Theileria capreoli, T. orientalis and Theileria sp. OT3 were amplified, as well as a shorter sequence of the zoonotic B. venatorum. Bat ticks are not known to infest dogs or ruminants, i.e. typical hosts and reservoirs of piroplasms molecularly identified in I. vespertilionis and I. simplex. Therefore, DNA sequences of piroplasms detected in these bat ticks most likely originated from the blood of their respective bat hosts. This may indicate either that bats are susceptible to a broader range of piroplasms than previously thought, or at least the DNA of piroplasms may pass through the gut barrier of bats during digestion of relevant arthropod vectors. In light of these findings, the role of bats in the epidemiology of piroplasmoses deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA of Piroplasms of Ruminants and Dogs in Ixodid Bat Ticks

Hornok¹,

Szőke²,

Kováts³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…The samples that were Mhc on sequencing had low haemoplasma copy numbers (Cts > 30), which may be the reason for the discordant results. In five of the 25 discordant dogs, sequencing results revealed close identity of 16S rRNA gene sequences with non-haemoplasma species: two dogs were infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which, with Anaplasma platys, is one of the canine anaplasmosis agents (Beall et al, 2008); one dog was infected with Anaplasma ovis, a species known to infect sheep (Giangaspero et al, 2015) but not yet reported in dogs; one dog was infected with Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic agent known to cause nosocomial infection in dogs (Lobetti et al, 2002;Perez et al, 2011) and one dog was infected with Aerococcus sp., recently reported to cause resistant urinary infection in one dog (Budreckis et al, 2015). These findings may indicate that the generic haemoplasma qPCRs can detect bacteria other than haemoplasmas and illustrates the importance of sequencing in animals yielding positive results with generic PCR assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of risk factors and prevalence of haemoplasma infection in dogs

Aquino

Kamani

Haruna³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' (CMhp) are canine haemoplasma species that can induce anaemia in immunocompromised and/or splenectomised dogs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phylogeny of canine haemoplasma species in dogs from Nigeria and describe any risk factors for infection. Canine haemoplasma species-specific and generic haemoplasma qPCR assays were used. The species-specific qPCR assays found Mhc infection in 18 of 245 dogs (7.3%), and CMhp infection in only one dog (0.4%). The generic haemoplasma qPCR assays were positive in 44 of 245 (17.9%) dogs. Twenty-five dogs had discordant qPCR results in that they were generic haemoplasma qPCR positive but species-specific qPCR negative. Further evaluation of these dogs by 16S rDNA sequencing gave limited results but 5 were confirmed to be infected with non-haemoplasma species: 2 Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 1 Anaplasma ovis, 1 Serratia marcescens and 1 Aerococcus spp. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from Mhc species showed>99.8% identity with each other and>99.6% identity with GenBank sequences, and resided in a single clade with other global Mhc and Mycoplasma haemofelis sequences, indicating low 16S rRNA genetic variability amongst this canine haemoplasma species.

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“…Cycling conditions for PCR reactions in 25 μl volumes were as described by Giangaspero et al [36]. The obtained amplicons were used in the RLB hybridisation assay to detect specific rickettsial species as previously described [34, 37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Rickettsia raoultii and Rickettsia massiliae DNA by Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) ticks during artificial feeding

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTick-borne rickettsial pathogens are emerging worldwide and pose an increased health risk to both humans and animals. A plethora of rickettsial species has been identified in ticks recovered from human and animal patients. However, the detection of rickettsial DNA in ticks does not necessarily mean that these ticks can act as vectors for these pathogens. Here, we used artificial feeding of ticks to confirm transmission of Rickettsia massiliae and Rickettsia raoultii by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, respectively. The speed of transmission was also determined.MethodsAn artificial feeding system based on silicone membranes were used to feed adult R. sanguineus (s.l.) and D. reticulatus ticks. Blood samples from in vitro feeding units were analysed for the presence of rickettsial DNA using PCR and reverse line blot hybridisation.ResultsThe attachment rate of R. sanguineus (s.l.) ticks were 40.4% at 8 h post-application, increasing to 70.2% at 72 h. Rickettsia massiliae was detected in blood samples collected 8 h after the R. sanguineus (s.l.) ticks were placed into the in vitro feeding units. D. reticulatus ticks were pre-fed on sheep and subsequently transferred to the in vitro feeding system. The attachment rate was 29.1 % at 24 h post-application, increasing to 43.6 % at 96 h. Rickettsia raoultii was detected in blood collected 24 h after D. reticulatus was placed into the feeding units.ConclusionsRhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) and D. reticulatus ticks are vectors of R. massiliae and R. raoultii, respectively. The transmission of R. massiliae as early as 8 h after tick attachment emphasises the importance of removing ticks as soon as possible to minimise transmission. This study highlights the relevance of in vitro feeding systems to provide insight into the vectorial capacity of ticks and the dynamics of tick-borne pathogen transmission.

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Theileria sp. OT3 and other tick-borne pathogens in sheep and ticks in Italy: Molecular characterization and phylogeny

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

DNA of Piroplasms of Ruminants and Dogs in Ixodid Bat Ticks

DNA of Piroplasms of Ruminants and Dogs in Ixodid Bat Ticks

Analysis of risk factors and prevalence of haemoplasma infection in dogs

Transmission of Rickettsia raoultii and Rickettsia massiliae DNA by Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) ticks during artificial feeding

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