The β-Defensin Gallinacin-6 Is Expressed in the Chicken Digestive Tract and Has Antimicrobial Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens

Dijk, Albert van; Veldhuizen, Edwin J.A.; Kalkhove, Stefanie I. C.; Bokhoven, Johanna L.M. Tjeerdsma-van; Romijn, Roland A.; Haagsman, Henk P.

doi:10.1128/aac.00568-06

Cited by 120 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The high number of predicted TFBS likely reflects the importance of tight regulation of AMP expression during the immune response and potentially during development. The c-Rel subunit of NF kB is predicted to bind to the upstream region of the highly expressed genesAvBD5 , AvBD9 and AvBD10 , suggesting that expression of these genes is inducible, in agreement with recent studies [46] . NKX homeodomain factors are one of the most common TF families predicted to bind to the promoter region of all AvBDs, except AvBD6 and AvBD14 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…AvBD11 , a peptide with broad antimicrobial efficacy [46] was recently found it to be one of the most abundant proteins in the vitelline outer membrane of the egg [48] , suggestive of an important immunological function. The expression of AvBD11 (previously been shown to be restricted to the thymus [45] ), was significantly increased during embryogenesis, which supports a role for AvBD11 in immunoprotection of the embryo in ovo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differential antimicrobial peptide gene expression patterns during early chicken embryological development

Meade

Higgs

Lloyd

et al. 2009

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential antimicrobial peptide gene expression patterns during early chicken embryological development

Meade

Higgs

Lloyd

et al. 2009

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Enteritidis antigens (Seo et al, 2002;. The high expression of β-defensin gallinacin-6 (Gal-6) in the oesophagus and crop, and the demonstration of its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens, demonstrates that the crop can play a role in chicken innate host defence (Hong et al, 2012;van Dijk et al, 2007). Another innate immune function is indicated by Thaxton et al (2006) who found an increase in crop nitrate content after gavaging turkeys with S. Typhimurium.…”

Section: Bacterial Populations and Role In Digestive Tract Health Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of the crop is often underestimated in poultry production. In addition to storing ingested feed, it also can impact nutrient digestion by digesta softening and the initial activity of feed (endogenous and exogenous) and microbial enzymes. The crop represents the first major defence against poultry pathogens and zoonotic organisms with well established adaptive and innate immune function, and a lactobacilli dominated microbiota capable of reducing the passage of these organisms further along the digestive tract. However, the potential to improve bird productivity and health, as well as affect meat and egg safety, are influenced by the nature of the diet, and in particular feed entry and extended presence in the crop. This is required to promote lactobacilli fermentation, the production of lactic acid and other volatile fatty acids, and the lowering of crop pH. Management practices such as meal feeding and the use of lighting programs with extended dark periods encourage crop utilisation. Further, the use of feed additives such as prebiotics and probiotics may enhance crop function, which in turn contributes to well-being of the entire digestive tract. A healthy and functional crop, along with other segments of digestive tract, has increased importance in an era of reduced antibiotic use in poultry feeds.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, we demonstrated that addition of pEtN to the lipid A component of LOS by EptC was a mechanism used by C. jejuni to resist the antimicrobial activity of PMB (9). However, it was not determined if modification of LOS with pEtN by EptC actually provided resistance to relevant CAMPs found in the human and avian GI tracts.For this study, we chose a number of peptides found throughout the human and avian GI tracts, including (i) human cathelicidin LL-37, produced by both leukocytes and epithelial cells; (ii) human ␤-defensin 2 (HBD-2), found throughout the GI tract; (iii) P-113, a fragment of human histatin 5 found within the oral cavity; and (iv) the chicken Gal-6, a ␤6-defensin produced in the digestive tract of chickens (29,30). To determine the MICs, a standard microtiter broth dilution method was utilized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

EptC of Campylobacter jejuni Mediates Phenotypes Involved in Host Interactions and Virulence

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

e Campylobacter jejuni is a natural commensal of the avian intestinal tract. However, the bacterium is also the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is implicated in development of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Like many bacterial pathogens, C. jejuni assembles complex surface structures that interface with the surrounding environment and are involved in pathogenesis. Recent work in C. jejuni identified a gene encoding a novel phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase, EptC (Cj0256), that plays a promiscuous role in modifying the flagellar rod protein, FlgG; the lipid A domain of lipooligosaccharide (LOS); and several N-linked glycans. In this work, we report that EptC catalyzes the addition of pEtN to the first heptose sugar of the inner core oligosaccharide of LOS, a fourth enzymatic target. We also examine the role pEtN modification plays in circumventing detection and/or killing by host defenses. Specifically, we show that modification of C. jejuni lipid A with pEtN results in increased recognition by the human Toll-like receptor 4 -myeloid differentiation factor 2 (hTLR4-MD2) complex, along with providing resistance to relevant mammalian and avian antimicrobial peptides (i.e., defensins). We also confirm the inability of aberrant forms of LOS to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Most exciting, we demonstrate that strains lacking eptC show decreased commensal colonization of chick ceca and reduced colonization of BALB/cByJ mice compared to wild-type strains. Our results indicate that modification of surface structures with pEtN by EptC is key to its ability to promote commensalism in an avian host and to survive in the mammalian gastrointestinal environment. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide (1). Infection with the pathogen results in significant acute illness, as well as serious life-threatening consequences, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (2). Like many bacterial pathogens, C. jejuni assembles complex surface structures critical for long-term commensal colonization of the avian host, as well as pathogenesis in humans. Two major surface structures, the glycolipid lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and flagella, both important for pathogenesis, are often targets for modification and/or phase variation, providing the bacteria with antigenic diversity and adaptability in inhospitable environments. For example, variation of surface-exposed LOS results in a form of molecular mimicry between bacterial surface and host peripheral nerve gangliosides, implicating them in postinfectious neuropathies (2, 3). Another example is posttranslational modification of membrane-and surface-exposed proteins targeted by the C. jejuni Pse and Pgl family of proteins responsible for O-and N-linked glycosylation, respectively. O-linked glycosylation of the flagellar filament proteins, FlaA/B, is thought to provide antigenic diversity but the role Nlinked glycosylation plays in cellular processes is undetermined (4-6). Considering the importance of LOS in host-pathogen interactions, the requ...

show abstract

The β-Defensin Gallinacin-6 Is Expressed in the Chicken Digestive Tract and Has Antimicrobial Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens

Cited by 120 publications

References 49 publications

Differential antimicrobial peptide gene expression patterns during early chicken embryological development

Differential antimicrobial peptide gene expression patterns during early chicken embryological development

The role of the crop in poultry production

EptC of Campylobacter jejuni Mediates Phenotypes Involved in Host Interactions and Virulence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About