The α-Galactose Specificity of Anti-P^k

Abstract

These studies indicate that α-galactose is the terminal and immunodominant sugar of the Pk determinant. Human anti-P^k and the ‘anti-P^k’ activity of salmon and trout protectins are strongly inhibited by α-galactosyl groups of galactose, disaccharides and macromolecules, e.g. P(1) substance. Removal of α-galactose from P(1) substance abolishes its ability to inhibit anti-P^k antibody activity. Anti-P^k antibody has a narrow spectrum for terminal α-galactosyl groups of cell surface antigens defining those of P^k but not those of B, P(1) or P(2) cells, while all these cells are agglutinated by the fish roe protectins. We suggest that anti-P^k antibody selects a larger determinant than the terminal α-galactosyl group and the full determinant is structurally different from those of B, P(1) and P(2) antigens. By contrast, fish roe agglutinins bind to a part only of the α-galactosyl group, present in all these antigens.

A systematic study of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the A4GALT gene suggests a molecular genetic basis for the P1/P2 blood groups

“…They are both determined by the enzymatic activity of α-1,4-galactosyltransferase (α4GalT). [6][7][8][9] P1/P2 is a common phenotypic polymorphism among individuals, the distribution of which varies among different human populations. 4,5,[10][11][12][13] Intriguingly, despite the commonness of the P1 and P2 phenotypes among individuals, the rare phenotype where RBCs are deficient in the P k and the P k -downstream antigens, the p phenotype, 2 is invariably associated with the P1-phenotype.…”

Genetics and biochemistry of some human blood groups

“…The involvement of a-galactose in Px specificity was supported by the observations of Voak, Anstee & Pardoe (1973), Russi, Siracusano & Vicari (1974 and Furukawa, Takizawa, Takizawa & Iseki (1974). The possible involvement of an a-galactosyl residue in P k specificity was indicated by the results of Voak et at. (1973) andFurukawa et al (1974).…”

De “PP auténtico” a extrema derecha tout court. Historia, ideología y organización de VOX

“…66 De hecho, Vox le ha contrapuesto la Agenda España, documento programático publicado en octubre de 2021, que se presenta como «una respuesta a las agendas globalistas que pretenden la destrucción de las clases medias, la liquidación de la soberanía de las naciones y el ataque a la familia, la vida y las raíces comunes de Occidente». 67 A partir de este trasfondo ideológico, el programa de Vox se desarrolla alrededor de un puñado de temas, convertidos en sus principales De «PP auténtico» a extrema derecha tout court. Historia, ideología y organización de VOX cionales que giran esencialmente alrededor de la férrea oposición a lo que denomina «ideología de género» y la defensa de la familia «natural» que se quiere reconocer a través de una ley orgánica como una «institución anterior al Estado».…”