The zooarchaeological identification of a ‘Morisco’ community after the Christian conquest of Granada (Spain, early 16th century): sociocultural continuities and economic innovations

Abstract

This article presents the results of the zooarchaeological analysis of an assemblage dating to the second quarter of the 16th century that was discovered on the current university campus of Cartuja, on the outskirts of Granada (Andalusia, Spain). During the Middle Ages, this area was largely used for agricultural purposes, including as estates owned by high officials of the Nasrid dynasty, the last Islamicate polity in the Iberian Peninsula. The Castilian conquest of Granada in 1492 brought significant changes to the area, with the construction of a Carthusian monastery and the transformation of the surrounding landscape, including changes in property structures, different agrarian regimes and the demolition of pre-existing structures. Among these transformations was the filling up of a well with construction materials, and its further use as a rubbish dump. This fill yielded an interesting and unique zooarchaeological assemblage, the study of which is presented here. The results advance our understanding of changing patterns in animal consumption during the formative transition from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern period at the heart of the former Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, and indicate the continuity of some Andalusi consumption patterns along with specialised production and distribution systems of meat products that have no archaeological precedent in the region, suggesting that the bones were dumped by a possible ‘Morisco’ community (autochthonous Muslims forced to convert to Christianity in 1502).

Medio ambiente, recursos naturales y paisaje agrario en los espacios medievales (siglos VIII-XV). Introducción

“…Asimismo, temáticas que habían sido menos analizadas, como los espacios de secano o la ganadería están siendo cada vez más abordadas, aunque con menos aportaciones hasta la fecha para el periodo andalusí 2 . Asuntos de estudio en el ámbito ibérico pero también extrapolables al europeo en general, donde se busca integrar el examen de los registros documentales escritos y arqueológicos, con la introducción cada vez más presente de técnicas arqueológicas para acometer lecturas arqueomorfológicas del paisaje, análisis geoarqueológicos o paleobotánicos (García-Contreras et al, (2020); Pluskowski, et al, 2011) y zooarqueológicos (Villar y García, 2017;García y Moreno, 2018;García, García-Contreras y Pluskowski, 2021). Una combinación metodológica y de fuentes que aboga por la multidisciplinareidad para reconstruir los paisajes rurales medievales, incluyendo no sólo los agrarios o ganaderos, sino también las marismas o los medios acuáticos (Vanslembrouk, Alexander y Thoen, 2005; Arias, Haidvogl, Hoffmann, Didier, Jungwirth y Winiwarter, 2015).…”