The zinc finger transcription factor Sall1 is required for the early developmental transition of microglia in mouse embryos

Scott, Earl Parker; Breyak, Emma; Nishinakamura, Ryuichi; Nakagawa, Yasushi

doi:10.1002/glia.24192

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…CD206, like TGF-β2 and TGF-βR1, is typically increased by microglia responding to IL-4, suggesting a microglia phenotype associated with immune regulation 30,31,35,74 . Expression of Tgfbr1, Hexb, Golm1, and Sall1 increase with microglia maturity, and maturation is dependent on TGF-β signaling 78,79 which was up-regulated by maternal infection. Nfia and Nfib contribute to astrocyte development, Gfap, S100B and Aqp4 are markers of mature astrocytes 80 , and Aqp4 is important in TGF-β-associated immunoregulation 81 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring

Noel,

Madranges,

Gothié

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The developing brain is vulnerable to maternal bacterial and viral infections which induce strong inflammatory responses in the mother that are mimicked in the offspring brain, resulting in irreversible neurodevelopmental defects, and associated cognitive and behavioural impairments. In contrast, infection during pregnancy and lactation with the immunoregulatory murine intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri, upregulates expression of genes associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic networks in the brain of neonatal uninfected offspring, and enhances spatial memory in uninfected juvenile offspring. As the hippocampus is involved in spatial navigation and sensitive to immune events during development, here we assessed hippocampal gene expression, LTP, and neuroimmunity in 3-week-old uninfected offspring born to H. bakeri infected mothers. Further, as maternal immunity shapes the developing immune system, we assessed the impact of maternal H. bakeri infection on the ability of offspring to resist direct infection. In response to maternal infection, we found an enhanced propensity to induce LTP at Schaffer collateral synapses, consistent with RNA-seq data indicating accelerated development of glutamatergic synapses in uninfected offspring, relative to those from uninfected mothers. Hippocampal RNA-seq analysis of offspring of infected mothers revealed increased expression of genes associated with neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and myelination. Furthermore, maternal infection improved resistance to direct infection of H. bakeri in offspring, correlated with transfer of parasite-specific IgG1 to their serum. Hippocampal immunohistochemistry and gene expression suggest Th2/Treg biased neuroimmunity in offspring, recapitulating peripheral immunoregulation of H. bakeri infected mothers. These findings indicate maternal H. bakeri infection during pregnancy and lactation alters peripheral and neural immunity in uninfected offspring, in a manner that accelerates neural maturation to promote hippocampal LTP, and upregulates the expression of genes associated with neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and myelination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring

Noel,

Madranges,

Gothié

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…In mice, SALL1 is expressed by microglia and by other mononuclear or resident glial cells of the CNS, such as astrocytes ( Buttgereit et al, 2016 ; Chi et al, 2019 ). SALL1 is highly expressed in young murine CNS microglia associated with critical functions, such as neural maturation and synaptic pruning ( Buttgereit et al, 2016 ; Holtman et al, 2017 ; Sobue et al, 2021 ; Scott et al, 2022 ). Microglia-specific Sall1 deletion in vivo results in altered morphology and converts surveillant microglia to a reactive, proinflammatory phenotype ( Buttgereit et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Antibody-mediated Identification Of Microglial Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping

Bobotis,

Halvorson,

Carrier

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation, and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure, and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration, and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these established and emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis, and CNS pathologies.

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“…In mice, SALL1 is selectively expressed by microglia and not by other mononuclear or resident cells of the CNS (Buttgereit et al, 2016). SALL1 is highly expressed in young murine CNS microglia associated with critical functions, such as neural maturation and synaptic pruning (Buttgereit et al, 2016;Holtman et al, 2017;Sobue et al, 2021;Scott et al, 2022). Microglia-specific Sall1 deletion in vivo results in altered morphology and converts surveillant microglia to a reactive, proinflammatory phenotype (Buttgereit et al, 2016).…”

Section: Intracellular Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Techniques for the Study of Microglia: Visualization, Depletion and Fate Mapping

Bobotis,

Halvorson,

Carrier

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis and CNS pathologies.

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The zinc finger transcription factor Sall1 is required for the early developmental transition of microglia in mouse embryos

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring

Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring

Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping

Emerging Techniques for the Study of Microglia: Visualization, Depletion and Fate Mapping

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