The zebrafish erythropoietin: Functional identification and biochemical characterization

Chu, Cheng Ying; Cheng, Chia Hsiung; Chen, Gen Der; Chen, Yi-Chung; Hung, Ching‐Wen; Huang, Kai; Huang, Chang Jen

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.073

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We further have discovered that a major source of Epo for primitive erythropoiesis might be a subpopulation of neural and neural crest cells, which we refer to as NEP cells. Consistent with our observation, the principal Epo-producing tissue in zebrafish larvae is neural tissue, and Epo production moves to the heart and liver during adulthood 40,41 . We also observed that a subpopulation of NEP cells migrate along the blood vessels in the intersomitic space.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Erythropoietin production in neuroepithelial and neural crest cells during primitive erythropoiesis

et al. 2013

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Erythropoietin (Epo) supports both primitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and definitive erythropoiesis in the fetal liver and bone marrow. Although definitive erythropoiesis requires kidney-and liver-secreted Epo, it is unclear which cells produce Epo for primitive erythropoiesis. Here we find neural Epo-producing (NEP) cells in mid-gestational stage embryos using mouse lines that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the Epo gene regulation. In these mice, GFP is expressed exclusively in a subpopulation of neural and neural crest cells at embryonic day 9.0 when Epo-deficient embryos exhibit abnormalities in primitive erythropoiesis. The GFP-positive NEP cells express Epo mRNA and the ex vivo culture of embryonic day 8.5 neural tubes results in the secretion of Epo, which is able to induce the proliferation and differentiation of yolk sac-derived erythroid cells. These results thus suggest that NEP cells secrete Epo and might support the development of primitive erythropoiesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Erythropoietin production in neuroepithelial and neural crest cells during primitive erythropoiesis

et al. 2013

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“…The first Epo gene fish cloned was that of the pufferfish (Fugu; Takifugu rubripes). In Fugu, Epo is induced by hypoxia and is mainly expressed in the heart [80][81][82]. However, in other teleost fishes, such as rainbow trout, carp, and eel, Epo was expressed in the kidney, the kidney is the major organ for erythropoiesis in fishes [83].…”

Section: Hypoxia Adaptation Mechanisms In Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypoxia signaling pathway and hypoxic adaptation in fishes

Xiao

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

127

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The hypoxia signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathway present in animals ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals. The pathway is crucial for oxygen homeostasis maintenance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) are master regulators in the hypoxia signaling pathway. Oxygen concentrations vary a lot in the aquatic environment. To deal with this, fishes have adapted and developed varying strategies for living in hypoxic conditions. Investigations into the strategies and mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in fishes will allow us to understand fish speciation and breed hypoxia-tolerant fish species/strains. This review summarizes the process of the hypoxia signaling pathway and its regulation, as well as the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in fishes. Approximately 2.5 billion years ago, photosynthesis led to the accumulation of oxygen to levels that were likely toxic to many obligate anaerobes. However, increased availability of atmospheric O 2 led to the evolution of an extraordinarily efficient system of oxidative phosphorylation. In this system, chemical energy stored in the carbon bonds of organic molecules is transferred to the high-energy phosphate bond in ATP, which is then used to power physicochemical reactions in living cells [1]. Additionally, O 2 serves as the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation, which is not only required for energy production, but is also the direct substrate of many enzymes. Thus, it is critical for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Consequently, metazoans have evolved complicated systems of cellular metabolism and physiology to maintain oxygen homeostasis and have developed a biochemical response to low oxygen levels [2]. There are a number of oxygen-sensing pathways that promote hypoxia tolerance by activating transcription and inhibiting translation: the energy and nutrient sensor mTOR, the unfolded protein response that activates the endoplasmic stress response, and the nuclear factor (NF)-B transcriptional response [3]. However, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are recognized as master regulators of the cellular response to hypoxic stress [4,5]. The hypoxia signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to human beings and it activates similar or homogenous gene expression, resulting in similar physical and biochemical responses. Compared with the terrestrial environment, oxygen concentrations vary greatly in the aquatic environment [6]. Thus, compared with most birds and mammals, fishes are tolerant of this varying oxygen availability. Natural selection by oxygen concentration has facilitated the evolution of fishes with a range of adaptations to variable oxygen concentration. Even in waters at the same latitude, closely related species or different strains within a species exhibit varied adaptations to oxygen concentration. Additionally, closely related fishes distributed in waters at different latitudes exhibit extensive variation in their tolerance of hypoxia. De...

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“…2, pathway 7). In zebrafish, heart and liver were shown to be the major Epo-producing organs (154). Although myocardial Epo expression may be induced by hypoxic exposure (155) the origin of endogenous Epo secreting cells in the mammalian heart is unknown.…”

Section: Epor In the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%