The Zebrafish as a Model Host for Invasive Fungal Infections

Rosowski, Emily E.; Knox, Benjamin P.; Archambault, Linda; Huttenlocher, Anna; Keller, Nancy P.; Wheeler, Robert T.; Davis, J. Muse

doi:10.3390/jof4040136

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(246 reference statements)

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“…Excellent recent zebrafish innate immunity reviews have focused on findings related to the specific functions of macrophages (Yoshida et al, 2017;Torraca et al, 2014) or neutrophils (Henry et al, 2013;Harvie and Huttenlocher, 2015), or immunity in specific contexts such as infection (Gomes and Mostowy, 2019;Rosowski et al, 2018b;Masud et al, 2017). The purpose of this Review is to provide a broader view of the role of these cell types in diverse biological situations, and to compare and contrast different depletion methods to perhaps explain disparate results and interpretations in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining macrophage versus neutrophil contributions to innate immunity using larval zebrafish

Rosowski

2020

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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The specific roles of the two major innate immune cell typesneutrophils and macrophagesin response to infection and sterile inflammation are areas of great interest. The larval zebrafish model of innate immunity, and the imaging capabilities it provides, is a source of new research and discoveries in this field. Multiple methods have been developed in larval zebrafish to specifically deplete functional macrophages or neutrophils. Each of these has pros and cons, as well as caveats, that often make it difficult to directly compare results from different studies. The purpose of this Review is to (1) explore the pros, cons and caveats of each of these immune cell-depleted models; (2) highlight and place into a broader context recent key findings on the specific functions of innate immune cells using these models; and (3) explore future directions in which immune cell depletion methods are being expanded.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining macrophage versus neutrophil contributions to innate immunity using larval zebrafish

Rosowski

2020

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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“…For studying the anti-infective potential of morin against fungal infections, zebrafish are more robust and advantageous than other model organisms (Gomes and Mostowy, 2020). Since the genome of zebrafish was 80 % conserved in the human genome, zebrafish are reported as a perfect model host for monitoring the progression of C. albicans colonization, invasion in multiple organ sites, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogenicity (Rosowski et al, 2018). In the present study, all the in vitro results demonstrated that morin is a suitable therapeutic agent for dealing with invasive fungal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Morin Against Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Virulence Factor Production: An in vitro and in vivo Approaches

et al. 2020

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Candida albicans is considered an exclusive etiologic agent of candidiasis, a very common fungal infection in human. The expression of virulence factors contributes highly to the pathogenicity of C. albicans. These factors include biofilm formation, yeast-to-hyphal transition, adhesins, aspartyl proteases, and phospholipases secretion. Moreover, resistance development is a critical issue for the therapeutic failure of antifungal agents against systemic candidiasis. To circumvent resistance development, the present study investigated the virulence targeted therapeutic activity of the phytobioactive compound morin against C. albicans. Morin is a natural compound commonly found in medicinal plants and widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic products/industries. The present study explicated the significant inhibitory potential of morin against biofilm formation and other virulence factors' production, such as yeast-hyphal formation, phospholipase, and exopolymeric substances, in C. albicans. Further, qPCR analysis confirmed the downregulation of biofilm and virlence-related genes in C. albicans upon morin treatment, which is in correspondence with the in vitro bioassays. Further, the docking analysis revealed that morin shows strong affinity with Hwp-1 protein, which regulates the expression of biofilm and hyphal formation in C. albicans and, thereby, abolishes fungal pathogenicity. Moreover, the anti-infective potential of morin against C. albicans-associated systemic candidiasis is confirmed through an in vivo approach using biomedical model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The outcomes of the in vivo study demonstrate that the morin treatment effectively rescues animals from C. albicans infections and extends their survival rate by inhibiting the internal colonization of C. albicans. Histopathology analysis revealed extensive candidiasis-related pathognomonic changes in the gills, intestine, and kidney of animals infected with C. albicans, while no extensive abnormalities were observed in morintreated animals. The results evidenced that morin has the ability to protect against the pathognomonic effect and histopathological lesions caused by C. albicans infection in zebrafish. Thus, the present study suggests that the utilization of morin could act as a potent therapeutic medication for C. albicans instigated candidiasis.

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“…Under natural conditions, pathogenic microorganisms can infect zebrafish through the gastrointestinal tract, spasms or a damaged epidermis [33]. In laboratory experiments, zebrafish can be infected with different inoculation approaches at different growth stages according to different experimental design [21]. During the embryonic and juvenile stages, the following inoculation methods are most commonly used: (1) bloodstream infections, such as intravenous inoculations, are performed via either the tail vein or the duct of Couvier; (2) yolk sac microinjection; (3) hindbrain ventricle microinjection, directly or via otic vesicle; (4) embryos immersion infection; and (5) spinal cord tissues and axial muscle injections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, development of a new host model is necessary. The zebrafish, which is a transitional model between lower animals and mammals, is a desirable host model for studying medically important microbial infections because it has evolved closer to humans than Drosophila and C. elegans, is easier to manipulate and more economical than murine [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AcuDGene Knockout Attenuates the Virulence ofTalaromyces marneffeiin a Zebrafish Model

Feng

Chen

et al. 2019

Mycobiology

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Talaromyces marneffei is the only dimorphic species in its genus and causes a fatal systemic mycosis named talaromycosis. Our previous study indicated that knockdown of AcuD gene (encodes isocitrate lyase of glyoxylate bypass) of T. marneffei by RNA interference approach attenuated the virulence of T. marneffei, while the virulence of the AcuD knockout strains was not studied. In this study, T. marneffei-zebrafish infection model was successfully established through hindbrain microinjection with different amounts of T. marneffei yeast cells. After co-incubated at 28 C, the increasing T. marneffei inoculum doses result in greater larval mortality; and hyphae generation might be one virulence factor involved in T. marneffeizebrafish infection. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the virulence of the DAcuD was significantly attenuated in this Zebrafish infection model.

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The Zebrafish as a Model Host for Invasive Fungal Infections

Cited by 50 publications

References 164 publications

Determining macrophage versus neutrophil contributions to innate immunity using larval zebrafish

Determining macrophage versus neutrophil contributions to innate immunity using larval zebrafish

Inhibitory Effect of Morin Against Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Virulence Factor Production: An in vitro and in vivo Approaches

AcuDGene Knockout Attenuates the Virulence ofTalaromyces marneffeiin a Zebrafish Model

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