The Zambezi River

Moore, A. E.; Main, Mike P. L.; Williams, Hugh B.

doi:10.1002/9780470723722.ch15

Cited by 64 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is important to acknowledge how alternating wet and dry climates over the Late Cenozoic affected the entire East African region, as shown from sediment cores of its lakes [52][53][54][55]. These events probably complemented more widespread impacts of the Neogene tectonism across southern and east Africa, where uplift of the Kalahari Plateau [37,38,56] transfigured the drainage, exemplified in the incision of the lower River Congo rapids into Africa's western margin [40,57]. The critical consequence of these impacts on upper River Congo affluents was to reshape haplochromine distributions, thereby facilitating extensive hybridization between previously separated lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution

et al. 2012

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The megadiverse haplochromine cichlid radiations of the East African lakes, famous examples of explosive speciation and adaptive radiation, are according to recent studies, introgressed by different riverine lineages. This study is based on the first comprehensive mitochondrial and nuclear DNA dataset from extensive sampling of riverine haplochromine cichlids. It includes species from the lower River Congo and Angolan (River Kwanza) drainages. Reconstruction of phylogenetic hypotheses revealed the paradox of clearly discordant phylogenetic signals. Closely related mtDNA haplotypes are distributed thousands of kilometres apart and across major African watersheds, whereas some neighbouring species carry drastically divergent mtDNA haplotypes. At shallow and deep phylogenetic layers, strong signals of hybridization are attributed to the complex Late Miocene/Early Pliocene palaeohistory of African rivers. Hybridization of multiple lineages across changing watersheds shaped each of the major haplochromine radiations in lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, Malawi and the Kalahari Palaeolakes, as well as a miniature species flock in the Congo basin (River Fwa). On the basis of our results, introgression occurred not only on a spatially restricted scale, but massively over almost the whole range of the haplochromine distribution. This provides an alternative view on the origin and exceptional high diversity of this enigmatic vertebrate group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution

et al. 2012

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“…The banks and riverbed of the lower course of the Zambezi are incised on the Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary cover of the alluvial plain, and are mostly composed of unconsolidated gravel and sand [7,9]. Unpublished previous results of grain size analyses on sediment samples taken on Zambezi river banks near Tete confirm the predominance of coarse sand, with an average of 76% of sediment in the range 0.5-1.0 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The climate of the basin is influenced by the movement of air masses in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), with major precipitations occurring during the summer months (November to March), while winter months (April to October) are generally dry. The mean annual runoff is estimated by different authors as either 103 billion¨m 3 [6], or 97 billion¨m 3 [7], or 130 billion¨m 3 [8]; the above values correspond to mean annual flows at the river mouth of 3264 m 3 /s, 3074 m 3 /s, and 4134 m 3 /s, respectively.…”

Section: Impacts Of Large Dams On the Lower Zambezi Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downstream of the Lupata gorge, a large low-gradient alluvial plain characterizes the course of the river with multiple channels and islands covered by vegetation. The mouth of the Zambezi is a wide delta with very low gradients and altitudes, frequently subjected to flooding, depending on river flow and tide, which can extend up to 40-50 km inland [7]. The delta is characterized by a rich alluvial soil with flooded grasslands near the banks and mangroves in the coastal zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large body of literature exists on the Zambezi River system, dealing with its geological, hydrological, morphological, ecological, and socio-economic aspects [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The main stem of the river has an estimated length of 2524 km [2], subdivided into three major segments (upper, middle and lower Zambezi), each having distinct geomorphological and hydrological features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey near Tambara along the Lower Zambezi River

2016

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Abstract:The paper reports a field investigation on a reach of the lower Zambezi River about 230-240 km downstream of the Cahora Bassa dam in the Republic of Mozambique. In the framework of a wider research program, bathymetric measures of the riverbed were performed on a 10 km stretch of the river using an echo sounder, a GPS receiver, and an integrated navigation-acquisition system. Field observations and measures revealed a general agreement with macro-features of river morphology reported in early literature, dealing with the morphological response of the river to the construction of large dams, in the second half of the 20th century. Results hereby reported are some of the few examples of direct field measures in the lower Zambezi reported in literature, and could be used by researchers and practitioners either as a knowledge base for further surveys or as input data for validation and calibration of mathematical models and remote sensing observations.

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Neodymium isotope constraints on provenance, dispersal, and climate‐driven supply of Zambezi sediments along the Mozambique Margin during the past ∼45,000 years

Lubbe

Tjallingii

Schneider³

2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Marine sediments deposited off the Zambezi River that drains a considerable part of the southeast African continent provide continuous records of the continental climatic and environmental conditions. Here we present time series of neodymium (Nd) isotope signatures of the detrital sediment fraction during the past 45,000 years, to reconstruct climate-driven changes in the provenance of clays deposited along the Mozambique Margin. Coherent with the surface current regime, the Nd isotope distribution in surface sediments reveals mixing of the alongshore flowing Zambezi suspension load with sediments supplied by smaller rivers located further north. To reconstruct past changes in sediment provenances, Nd isotope signatures of clays that are not significantly fractionated during weathering processes have been obtained from core 64PE304-80, which was recovered just north of the Zambezi mouth at 1329 m water depth. Distinctly unradiogenic clay signatures (E Nd values <214.2) are found during the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, and Younger Dryas. In contrast, the Nd isotope record shows higher, more radiogenic isotope signatures during Marine Isotope Stage 3 and between 15 and 5 ka BP, the latter coinciding with the timing of the northern hemisphere African Humid Period. The clay-sized sediment fraction with the least radiogenic Nd isotope signatures was deposited during the Holocene, when the adjacent Mozambique Shelf became completely flooded. In general, the contribution of the distinctly unradiogenic Zambezi suspension load has followed the intensity of precession-forced monsoonal precipitation and enhanced during periods of increased southern hemisphere insolation and high-latitude northern hemispheric climate variability.

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The Zambezi River

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution

Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution

A Survey near Tambara along the Lower Zambezi River

Neodymium isotope constraints on provenance, dispersal, and climate‐driven supply of Zambezi sediments along the Mozambique Margin during the past ∼45,000 years

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