The Zaire river and estuary and the Zaire outflow in the Atlantic Ocean

Eisma, D.; Bennekom, A.J. Van

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(78)90030-3

Cited by 93 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is due to the nearequatorial position of the river mouth and implies that the coastal current does not transport much freshwater in comparison with the lens. (iii) The scaled tidal amplitude is very weak as suggested by the parameter 1 (from Eisma et al 1978), which means that the tidal effect has a negligible importance over the near-field plume dynamics. As such, we do not take the tide into account in our experiments.…”

Section: Nondimensionalized Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The width and depth of the estuary are approximated as mean values out of the canyon area because of their spatial high variability. Based on the observation of Eisma et al (1978) and Vangriesheim et al (2009), we estimate the depth h 1 of the freshwater surface layer (Fig. 2) and the salinity difference DS between the inflow and the ambient shelf water.…”

Section: A General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the dynamics should be dominated by the gravity current rather than by the transport generated by the river inflow. Concerning the tidal impact, observations show that it is negligible (Eisma et al 1978). …”

Section: Nondimensionalized Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of an Equatorial River Plume: Theory and Numerical Experiments Applied to the Congo Plume Case

Vic

Berger²,

Tréguier

et al. 2014

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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The Congo River has the second largest rate of flow in the world and is mainly responsible for the broad tongue of low-salinity water that is observed in the Gulf of Guinea. Despite their importance, near-equatorial river plumes have not been studied as thoroughly as midlatitude plumes and their dynamics remain unclear. Using both theory and idealized numerical experiments that reproduce the major characteristics of the region, the authors have investigated the dynamics of the Congo River plume and examine its sensitivity to different forcing mechanisms. It is found that near-equatorial plumes are more likely to be surface trapped than midlatitude plumes, and the importance of the b effect in describing the strong offshore extent of the lowsalinity tongue during most of the year is demonstrated. It is shown that the buoyant plume constrained by the geomorphology is subject to the b pulling of nonlinear structures and wavelike equatorial dynamics. The wind is found to strengthen the intrinsic buoyancy-driven dynamics and impede the development of the coastal southward current, in coherence with observations.

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Section: Nondimensionalized Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of an Equatorial River Plume: Theory and Numerical Experiments Applied to the Congo Plume Case

Vic

Berger²,

Tréguier

et al. 2014

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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“…Samples were collected from a canoe in mid-channel using a submersible pump at , 8 m. As there are no major tributaries downstream of Maluku (Eisma and Van Bennekom 1978), the sample is assumed to be representative of dissolved material exported into the Congo estuary and Atlantic Ocean. An assumption supported by minimal shifts in dissolved lignin phenol concentrations and compositions, CDOM light absorption spectra, and d 13 C-DOC and FT-ICR mass spectral signatures downstream (unpubl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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Congo River water was filtered and then irradiated for 57 d in a solar simulator, resulting in extensive photodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Whole-water (i.e., unfractionated) DOM was analyzed pre-and post-irradiation using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), revealing the following three pools of DOM classified based upon their photoreactivity: (1) photo-resistant, (2) photo-labile, and (3) photo-produced. Photo-resistant DOM was heterogeneous, with most molecular classes represented, although only a small number of aromatics and no condensed aromatics were identified. The photoproduced pool was dominated by aliphatic compounds, although it included a small number of aromatics, including condensed aromatics. Aromatic compounds were the most photoreactive, with . 90% being lost upon irradiation. Photochemistry also resulted in a significant drop in the number of molecules identified and a decrease in their structural diversity. The FT-ICR MS signatures of two classes of refractory organic matter, black carbon and carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM), were present in the sample prior to irradiation, indicating that the Congo River could be a significant exporter of recalcitrant DOM to the ocean. All black carbon-like molecules identified in the initial sample were lost during irradiation. Molecular signatures consistent with CRAM were also highly photo-labile, demonstrating that environmental solar irradiation levels are capable of removing these refractory compounds from aquatic systems. Irradiation also shifted the molecular signature of terrestrial DOM toward that of marine DOM, thereby complicating the task of tracking terrestrial DOM in the ocean.

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“…Naturellement, on passe des pH neutres ou légèrement basiques pendant l'étiage, aux pH acides en périodes des hautes eaux. Le pH traduit fidèlement l'évolution des faciès hydrochimiques puisque ses variations sont assez bien corrélées avec celles des bicarbonates (coefficient de corrélation Mouzeo, 1986) Tonnage annuel en 10 6 t Transport spécifique en t km" 2 an" 1 Auteurs Devroey, 1941Spronck, 1941NEDECO, 1959Gibbs, 1967Holleman, 1968Leeden, 1975Eisma et al, 1978Peters, 1978Corbel, 1964Meybeck, 1976Holland, 1978Jansener al., 1974Molinier, 1979Kinga Mouzeo, 1986 Moukolo* ' complete par N. Moukolo, 1990. ment la fraction dissoute (acide silicique). Il apparaît que nos valeurs sont plus proches de Deronde & Symoens (1980).…”

Section: Bilan Des Matières (Figs 2 Et 3)unclassified

Transport en solution et en suspension par le fleuve Congo (Zaïre) et ses principaux affluents de la rive droite

Moukolo

Laraque

Olivry

et al. 1993

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Résumé Ce travail est une synthèse des connaissances actuelles du bilan des transports en solution et en suspension sur un grand bassin forestier equatorial. Une large place est faite aux mesures effectuées dans le cadre de l'opération grands bassins fluviaux du programme PIRAT. Les résultats obtenus sur le fleuve Congo à Brazzaville (95 % de la superficie totale du bassin soit 3.5 X 10 6 km ) chiffrent les exportations moyennes de la façon suivante: matières dissoutes: 61.1 X 10 6 t an" 1 ; et matières en suspension: 30.6 X 10 6 t an" 1 . La caractérisation hydrochimique de la matière dissoute révèle une faible minéralisation des eaux du fleuve. Transport in solution and in suspension by the main Congo River and its principal right bank tributariesAbstract This paper presents a summary of actual knowledge of the solute and suspended transport in the Congo river. Measurements on large basins under the PIRAT programme are significant. The results on the Congo river at Brazzaville (95 % of the total area of the basin being 3.5 X 10 6 km 2 ) give the following mean sediment yield: dissolved materials: 61.1 X 10 6 t year" 1 ; and materials in suspension: 30.6 x 10 6 t year" 1 . Hydrochemical analyses have shown little mineralization of the river water.

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The Zaire river and estuary and the Zaire outflow in the Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 93 publications

References 11 publications

Dynamics of an Equatorial River Plume: Theory and Numerical Experiments Applied to the Congo Plume Case

Dynamics of an Equatorial River Plume: Theory and Numerical Experiments Applied to the Congo Plume Case

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Transport en solution et en suspension par le fleuve Congo (Zaïre) et ses principaux affluents de la rive droite

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