The Ypresian to Lutetian marine record in NW Turkey: a revised biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy and implications for Eocene paleogeography

Özcan, Ercan; Özcan, Zahide; Okay, Aral I.; Akbayram, Kenan; Hakyemez, Aynur

doi:10.3906/yer-1903-3

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…41 Ma). With the exception of Thrace, no Late Eocene or younger marine deposits have been confirmed over this large area (Lüttig and Steffens, 1976;Özcan et al, 2020). In eastern Anatolia and on the Arabian Platform, the last marine strata are predominantly Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) limestones with some early Middle Miocene marls (Figure 2, Table S1).…”

Section: Biostratigraphy -The Last Time Anatolia Was Under the Seamentioning

confidence: 97%

Uplift of Anatolia

Okay¹,

Zattin²,

Özcan³

et al. 2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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IntroductionPlateaus are major physiographic structures on the Earth that influence tectonics, sedimentation, hydrography, and climate. Their mode of formation and duration are significant geological problems. The Central Anatolian Plateau, with a surface area of 800 km by 400 km, an average height of ~1 km, and low relief (<300 m), is one of the world's major plateaus (Figure 1). In the north and south, it is bounded by the higher elevation Pontide and Tauride mountains, respectively (e.g., Cosentino et al., 2012). It lies between the higher elevation (~2 km) East Anatolian Highlands, which has been undergoing active shortening between the colliding Arabian and Eurasian plates, and the lower elevation extensional Aegean province (e.g., Reilinger et al., 2006). The recent fast uplift of the Taurides is now well constrained, and is linked to delamination and/or slab breakoff during the Late Miocene (e.g., Schildgen et al., 2014). Various post-Late Miocene (<8 Ma) subcrustal processes are invoked for the formation of the Central Anatolia Plateau (e.g., Bartol and Govers, 2014;Göğüş et al., 2017); however, there are few data on its timing. Here, the formation of the Anatolian Plateau was investigated using four data sets: a) the ages of the last marine strata, b) the ages of the continental Neogene sequences, c) the age of Cenozoic magmatism, and d) thermochronology. New thermochronological data from central Anatolia are also provided.There have been several recent studies on the Quaternary surface uplift in Anatolia, generally based on surface dating of marine or fluvial terraces (e.g., Yıldırım et al., 2013;Çiner et al., 2015;Berndt et al. 2018). The data from these studies covered the last few hundred thousand years and are local. They are difficult to extrapolate back to several tens of millions of years and to all of Anatolia; therefore, they are not used in this study. MethodsThis study involved the compilation and critical evaluation of a large number of published papers, as well as collection of new thermochronological data from central Anatolia.

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Section: Biostratigraphy -The Last Time Anatolia Was Under the Seamentioning

confidence: 97%

Uplift of Anatolia

Okay¹,

Zattin²,

Özcan³

et al. 2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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“…The TVZ-SKZ collision assembled a larger subaerial continental landmass that further promoted in situ diversification of endemic taxa (Maas et al, 2001;Métais et al, 2018). Endemism persisted until at least the Lutetian (44-43 Ma; Licht et al, 2017), a time when much of Anatolia was near sea level (e.g., Licht et al, 2017;Lygina et al, 2016;MTA, 2002;Ocakoğlu et al, 2012;Özcan et al, 2019;Racey, 2001).…”

Section: Geodynamic Influence On Mediterranean Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…indicate paleocurrent directions to the NW, NE, and rarely W and E (Ocakoğlu et al., 2018). The late Lutetian maximum flooding surface is recorded in sedimentary basins across the Black Sea region, including Anatolia, Crimea and the Caucasus (e.g., E. Özcan et al., 2019; Licht et al., 2017; Lygina et al., 2016; MTA, 2002; Racey, 2001). The Gemiciköy Fm.…”

Section: Central Sakarya Basin System Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary Provenance From the Evolving Forearc‐to‐Foreland Central Sakarya Basin, Western Anatolia Reveals Multi‐Phase Intercontinental Collision

Mueller

Licht

Campbell

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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 Multi-phase intercontinental collision is identified in western Anatolia by sedimentary basin changes  Sedimentary provenance change indicate collision was at 76 Ma, but significant thickskinned deformation was delayed until 54 Ma  The 20 Myr duration of initial collision can be explained by three multi-stage mechanisms involving changes in plate coupling manuscript submitted to Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

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“…The Late Eocene marine transgression followed an important phase of Late Paleocene-Early Eocene uplift and erosion, related to the collision between the Pontides and the Anatolide-Tauride Block. Shallow marine Eocene limestones, locally with a basal clastic unit, lie unconformably over older units, including Carboniferous sandstones of the İstanbul Zone and metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the Strandja Massif (Varol et al, 2009;Less et al, 2011;Özcan et al, 2020;Okay et al, 2010Okay et al, , 2020. Karaburun lies on the southern margin of the Western Black Sea Basin that was formed during the Cretaceous.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Oligocene succession(İhsaniye Formation) at Karaburun (NW Turkey)

Simmons¹,

Bidgood²,

Connell³

et al. 2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the İhsaniye Formation exposed at Karaburun in northwest Turkey is described based upon the study of abundant and well-preserved foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and palynomorphs. The studied succession is Early Oligocene in age, with calcareous nannofossil zones upper NP21 (Subzone CNO1) to lower NP23 (Subzone CNO3) and planktonic foraminifera zones O1 (~P18) and O2 (~P19) represented, and palynological assemblages suggestive of zones D13 to D14a. Based on these new data, a revised interpretation of the stratigraphic succession is presented. Deposition was controlled by a now inverted normal fault, with deposition of older stratigraphy (upper NP21 to NP22) restricted to the original hanging wall. During NP23, deposition commenced on the footwall, resulting in progressive onlap of an exposed Eocene reefal limestone (Soğucak Formation). Three primary sedimentary facies are present: marls with thin calcareous siltstones, marls with synsedimentary slumps and debris flows, and coarse pebbly sandstones. The coarse pebbly sandstones were deposited in a fan-delta/shoreface paleoenvironment and represent the initial phase of onlap during biozone NP23 onto a rocky shoreline on the footwall side of the fault. The marl-dominated facies represent deposition in outer shelf-upper bathyal environments. The succession demonstrates evidence for a near-end Eocene relative sea-level fall. Changes in the abundance of planktonic foraminifera and the onlap onto the footwall demonstrate maximum subsequent transgression within NP23. This reflects eustasy rather than Paratethyan relative sea-level. No interpretation of sea-water salinity reduction can be made for the sediments deposited during biozone NP23 in the studied sections, although this is noted in coeval sediments in parts of Paratethys (the "Solenovian Event"). Together with the open marine nature of the diverse and abundant fossil assemblages, it is suggested that deposition of the Karaburun section was strongly influenced by a connection to the global ocean, via the Çatalca Gap, as suggested in a recent study.

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The Ypresian to Lutetian marine record in NW Turkey: a revised biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy and implications for Eocene paleogeography

Abstract: We present our paleontological and biostratigraphic results based on the study of larger benthic fauna (LBF), mainly orthophragminids, from various shallow-to deep-marine Ypresian to Lutetian units in NW Turkey.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Uplift of Anatolia

Uplift of Anatolia

Sedimentary Provenance From the Evolving Forearc‐to‐Foreland Central Sakarya Basin, Western Anatolia Reveals Multi‐Phase Intercontinental Collision

Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Oligocene succession(İhsaniye Formation) at Karaburun (NW Turkey)

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