The Young Generation of Employees and their Attitude towards Work - A Comparison of Three Countries

Abstract

NOWADAYS in the business environment all over the world, where information is transmitted quickly and competition is increasingly tougher, companies are making efforts to reduce costs and identify creative resources and competitive advantages 1 . Thus, confronted with these new challenges, work motivation and innovation acquire more importance than ever before. The companies have to direct their attention to 'ordinary' employees, who can be 'exceptional innovators' 1 if they are provided the necessary environment and resources. Under these circumstances, it is essential to analyse the attitude towards work of employees, in general, and of the 'new' employees, in particular. We cannot discuss the attitude towards work without bringing in the concept of culture. Equally, individuals, organizations and theories regarding the organizations bear the mark of culture. The cultural values influence the way in which an individual perceives and interprets a situation; therefore, they have an influence on behaviour 2 . MethodologyThis scientific endeavour aims at analysing the attitude towards work of the new generation of employees and the way in which cultural factor influences this attitude. For this purpose, we conducted intercultural research on work attitude in three national cultures: India, Romania and Sweden. The research was carried out in the time period In order to achieve the research objectives, two quantitative research studies were carried out. Analysis of secondary dataResearch is interpretation of data, not necessarily the collection of data. According to Hofstede et al. 3 , as well as research of specialized literature and the internet will show that in many cases, there are relevant databases, drawn up in a professional way, which are waiting to be consulted and interpreted. For example, World Values Survey 4 (WVS) and European Values Survey 5 (EVS). Since WVS and EVS provide data that cover all social, gender and age groups within each country, data from these two-databases were taken into account and referred to as the national average. WVS was used to obtain data for India, whereas EVS provided information on Romania and Sweden. Students' survey researchThe studied population includes Master's students with work experience. The research was carried out in universities with the help of a self-administered questionnaire comprising 19 questions. Only three of these questions were analysed for the purpose of this research, of which

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“…The initial data collected from IBM employees reveal that they had developed different solutions to common problems they faced in four categories, which led to the development of initially four culture dimensions: power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede et al, 2010). Although recent research provides evidence on the change of values across generations (Abrudan et al, 2016;Taras et al, 2012) and in certain culture dimensions (Beugelsdijk and Welzel, 2018), Hofstede's framework preserves its validity, considering the persistent unexplained differences in culture across countries (Beugelsdijk and Welzel, 2018). Moreover, the ranking of countries' scores in Hofstede's culture dimensions is rather stable, despite changes in absolute scores (Eringa et al, 2015).…”