The Yinâ€“Yang of Microvesicles (Exosomes) in Cancer Biology

Al‐Nedawi, Khalid

doi:10.3389/fonc.2014.00172

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Different terms are used to describe EVs due to varying methods of isolation and due to the biogenesis mechanism. The terminologies of EVs include microvesicles, dexosomes, texosomes, archaeosomes, argosomes, prostasomes, epididymosomes, and oncosomes [5]. Gradually, while building up knowledge about EVs, a need for its classification emerged and the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) was founded [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

Voichitoiu¹,

Radu²,

Pavelescu³

et al. 2020

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Importance in Human Health

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a generic term for all the secreted vesicles, which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are key partners in the intercellular communication and play an essential role in multiple physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are shuttles for cargo molecules, such as RNA (mRNA, microRNA, and other noncoding RNAs), DNA, proteins (receptors, transcription factors, enzymes, and extracellular matrix proteins), and lipids. In pathological states, including cancer, EVs might represent either useful biomarkers or can be used for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, in cancer, it was demonstrated that EVs play an essential role in drug resistance. Here, we review the role played by EVs in the most common forms of cancer, with a special focus on ovarian and breast cancers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

Voichitoiu¹,

Radu²,

Pavelescu³

et al. 2020

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Importance in Human Health

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“…MVs are derived from external budding and pinching of plasma membrane and contain specific antigens that are unique to their cells' origin [8]. MVs play a significant role in both tumor survival and progression [1, 9–14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicle removal of anticancer drugs contributes to drug resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells

et al. 2016

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High mortality in pancreatic cancer patients is partly due to resistance to chemotherapy. We describe that human pancreatic cancer cells acquire drug resistance by a novel mechanism in which they expel and remove chemotherapeutic drugs from the microenvironment via microvesicles (MVs). Using human pancreatic cancer cells that exhibit varied sensitivity to gemcitabine (GEM), we show that GEM exposure triggers the cancer cells to release MVs in an amount that correlates with that cell line's sensitivity to GEM. The importance of MV-release in gaining drug resistance in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells was confirmed when the inhibition of MV-release sensitized the cells to GEM treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MVs remove drugs that are internalized into the cells and that are in the microenvironment. The differences between the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive pancreatic cancer cell lines tested here are explained based on the variable content of influx/efflux proteins present on MVs, which directly dictates the ability of MVs either to trap GEM or to allow GEM to flow back to the microenvironment.

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“…Tumor-derived MVs contain specific information of the tumor status, and thus MVs were studied as potential diagnostic markers and targets for therapeutic intervention (1,3). Recently, MVs have received increasing attention for their roles in regulating and transferring active molecules responsible for tumor progression and metastasis (4). MVs play dual roles in cancer through transferring tumor-promoting molecules and tumor suppressors in different conditions (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-146b-5p within BCR-ABL1–Positive Microvesicles Promotes Leukemic Transformation of Hematopoietic Cells

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2016

Cancer Research

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Evidence is accumulating that extracellular microvesicles (MV) facilitate progression and relapse in cancer. Using a model in which MVs derived from K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells transform normal hematopoietic transplants into leukemia-like cells, we defined the underlying mechanisms of this process through gene-expression studies and network analyses of transcription factors (TF) and miRNAs. We found that antitumor miRNAs were increased and several defense pathways were initiated during the early phases of oncogenic transformation. Later, oncomiRs and genes involved in cell cycle, DNA repair, and energy metabolism pathways were upregulated. Regulatory network analyses revealed that a number of TFs and miRNAs were responsible for the pathway dysregulation and the oncogenic transformation. In particular, we found that miR-146b-5p, which was highly expressed in MVs, coordinated the regulation of cancer-related genes to promote cell-transforming processes. Notably, treatment of recipient cells with MV derived from K562 cells expressing mimics of miR-146b-5p revealed that it accelerated the transformation process in large part by silencing the tumor-suppressor NUMB. High levels of miR-146b-5p also enhanced reactive oxygen species levels and genome instability of recipient cells. Taken together, our finding showed how upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs in MVs promote hematopoetic cells to a leukemic state, as well as a demonstration for TF and miRNA coregulatory analysis in exploring the dysregulation of cancers and discovering key factors. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2901-11. Ó2016 AACR.

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The Yinâ€“Yang of Microvesicles (Exosomes) in Cancer Biology

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

Microvesicle removal of anticancer drugs contributes to drug resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells

miR-146b-5p within BCR-ABL1–Positive Microvesicles Promotes Leukemic Transformation of Hematopoietic Cells

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