The Yin and Yang of regulatory T cell and therapy progress in autoimmune disease

Qiao, Yong-Chao; Pan, Yan-Hong; Wei, Ling; Tian, Fang; Chen, Yin-ling; Zhang, Xiaoxi; Zhao, Hai-Lu

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.08.001

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…They also demonstrated that autoimmunity could result from cross-reactivity between a host cell receptor and the antibody induced by the antigenic epitope of an antiviral agent ( 3 , 4 ). Qiao et al attributed the occurrence and development of an autoimmune disease to an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) plus suppressive cytokines and effector T cells plus pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 5 ). The powerful immune suppressive capacity of Tregs and their secreted cytokines could suppress not only effector T cells but also other immune cells, such as B cells and dendritic cells (DCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Is Autoimmunity the Culprit?

Jiang

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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The role of autoimmunity in Parkinson's disease (PD), as one of the most popular research subjects, has been intensively investigated in recent years. Although the ultimate cause of PD is unknown, one major area of interest remains identifying new therapeutic targets and options for patients suffering from PD. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the impacts of autoimmunity in neurodegenerative diseases, especially PD, and we have composed a logical argument to substantiate that autoimmunity is actively involved in the pathogenesis of PD through several proteins, including α-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK1, and Parkin, as well as immune cells, such as dendritic cells, microglia, T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the relevance of autoimmunity to the clinical symptoms of PD provides strong evidence for the close correlation of autoimmunity with PD. In addition, the previously identified relationships between other autoimmune diseases and PD help us to better understand the disease pattern, laying the foundation for new therapeutic solutions to PD. In summary, this review aims to integrate and present currently available data to clarify the pathogenesis of PD and discuss some controversial but innovative research perspectives on the involvement of autoimmunity in PD, as well as possible novel diagnostic methods and treatments based on autoimmunity targets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Is Autoimmunity the Culprit?

Jiang

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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“…Treg cells are known for immunosuppression by restricting the proliferation and activation of effector T cells. Qiao et al have very well-explained the Yin and Yang of T reg cells in autoimmune diseases ( 86 ). They discussed the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorder (AD) occurrence due to the breakdown of immune homeostasis via Tregs (Yin) whereas maintenance of immune homeostasis (Yang) in healthy individual which in retrospect provided the coherent articulation of understanding similar merits in MDSCs as well.…”

Section: Yin and Yang Arms Of Mdscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Yin and Yang of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells

Budhwar

Verma

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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In recent years, most of our knowledge about myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has come from cancer studies, which depicts Yin side of MDSCs. In cancer, inherent immunosuppressive action of MDSCs favors tumor progression by inhibiting antitumor immune response. However, recently Yang side of MDSCs has also been worked out and suggests the role in maintenance of homeostasis during non-cancer situations like pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Continued work in this area has armored the biological importance of these cells as master regulators of immune system and prompted scientists all over the world to look from a different perspective. Therefore, explicating Yin and Yang arms of MDSCs is obligatory to use it as a double edged sword in a much smarter way. This review is an attempt toward presenting a synergistic coalition of all the facts and controversies that exist in understanding MDSCs, bring them on the same platform and approach their “Yin and Yang” nature in a more comprehensive and coherent manner.

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“…Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are CD4 + effector T cell subsets with immunosuppressive function; their phenotype is CD4 + CD25 + . Tregs can inhibit the activation of autoreactive T cells and autoreactive B cells, which is the key to maintaining immune balance and autoimmune tolerance [6] . The use of immunosuppressive Tregs for therapeutic purposes is of great interest to researchers because of their great potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, prevention of transplant rejection, and tumor immunotherapy [7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of CCCP on Mitophagy in CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Human Peripheral Blood

Yang

Karim

Yuan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of different concentrations of CCCP on mitophagy in human peripheral blood regulatory T cells. Methods: Tregs were isolated, identified, and then grouped, treating with CCCP at a concentration of 2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM and 40 μM for 24h in an incubator. Flow cytometry detected the reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial quality, and fluorescence microscopy observed the co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes in each group. Results: The purity of CD4+CD25+Tregs was (93.36 ± 1.87) %. With the increase of CCCP concentration, the ROS level gradually increased, while the MMP decreased gradually. About the mitochondria and lysosome fusion, the fluorescence intensity of orange (yellow) was the highest when the concentration of CCCP was in the range of 5-10 μM while decreased with the CCCP concentration continually increasing. The mitochondrial quality decreased with the increase of CCCP concentration. However, there was no significant difference between groups C, D and E. The mitochondrial quality of groups F and G were significantly lower than that of group E. Conclusions: With the concentration of CCCP gradually increased, the level of ROS in Treg cells increased, and MMP decreased, which promoted the mitophagy, mitochondrial quality maintains homeostasis. When ROS accumulated, and MMP decreased significantly, the mitophagy was inhibited, and the mitochondrial quality decreased significantly.

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The Yin and Yang of regulatory T cell and therapy progress in autoimmune disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 203 publications

The Challenge of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Is Autoimmunity the Culprit?

The Challenge of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Is Autoimmunity the Culprit?

The Yin and Yang of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells

The Effect of CCCP on Mitophagy in CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Human Peripheral Blood

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