“…A number of studies suggested that Hsp110s participate in many processes associated with cytosolic Hsp70s, including de novo protein folding, refolding under stress, translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum, degradation, and prion formation (24 -31). Consistent with these observations, Hsp110s have recently been shown to form complexes with cytosolic Hsp70s for which they function as the major NEF (25,(32)(33)(34)(35). Moreover, the corresponding mechanism of this nucleotide exchange activity was recently revealed by a number of biochemical and crystallographic studies (36 -39).…”