The Xiong'er volcanic belt at the southern margin of the North China Craton: Petrographic and geochemical evidence for its outboard position in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia Supercontinent

2.24 Ga mafic dykes from Taihua Complex, southern Trans-North China Orogen, and their tectonic implications

“…The Duangou Formation, which covers the Shibangou Formation uncomfortably, consists mainly of high-grade sillimanite-garnet gneisses, graphite-bearing gneisses, with minor mafic granulites, amphibolites (Zhang and Li, 1998). In the Xiong'er area, the Taihua Complex was covered uncomfortably by the widespread Xiong'er group, a well-preserved non-metamorphosed volcanic sequence, consisting mainly of basaltic andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, rhyolite and volcanic tuff which erupted intermittently over a protracted interval from 1.78 Ga, through 1.76-1.75 Ga and 1.65-1.45 Ga, with the major phase of the volcanism at 1.78 Ga Zhao et al, 2009). Several Mesozoic Yanshanian granitoids had intruded the above lithostratigraphic units.…”

Early Precambrian tectonothermal events of the North China Craton: Constraints from in situ detrital zircon U-Pb, Hf and O isotopic compositions in Tietonggou Formation

“…The Taihua Complex consists of TTG gneisses, biotite (hornblende) plagiogneiss and amphibolite interbedded with (magnetic) quartzite, graphite gneiss, leucoleptite and marble, which have undergone amphibolite-granulite facies metamorphism. The overlying Xiong'er Group is composed of volcanic rocks (including basaltic andesites, andesites, rhyolitic lavas and minor pyroclastic rocks) with low grade of metamorphism up to greenschist-facies [21,22].…”

“…Thus, the minimum depositional age of the Tietonggou Formation can be constrained by the formation age of the Xiong'er Group. In the last three decades, there has been considerable debate over the petrogenesis and tectonic settings of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks, however available SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon age data indicate that the Xiong'er Group formed at 1.80-1.75 Ga [19,[21][22]. Although minor ~1.45 Ga felsic volcanic rocks are reported in Xiong'er Group, which possibly represent a later magmatic activity in the southern NCC [22].…”

“…In the last three decades, there has been considerable debate over the petrogenesis and tectonic settings of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks, however available SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon age data indicate that the Xiong'er Group formed at 1.80-1.75 Ga [19,[21][22]. Although minor ~1.45 Ga felsic volcanic rocks are reported in Xiong'er Group, which possibly represent a later magmatic activity in the southern NCC [22]. Because Cui et al [36] recently identified some intermediate-acid intrusive rocks that invaded the uppermost Majiahe Formation of the Xiong'er Group, SIMS zircons and baddeleyites U-Pb analyses indicate that those rocks were emplaced at 1778-1789 Ma, therefore it constrains the minimum age limit of Xiong'er Group volcanic rocks.…”

Neoarchean siliceous high-Mg basalt (SHMB) from the Taishan granite–greenstone terrane, Eastern North China Craton: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications

“…Such information provides a key to decoding the fractionation processes involved and understanding the mechanisms of Precambrian crustal growth. Establishing their genesis may also help understanding the formation of SHMB-related Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization, such as in the Bushveld Complex Seitz and Keays, 1997), the Stillwater Complex Hughes, 1987, 1990), the greenstone belts of the Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India (Mondal and Zhou, 2009), and the Xiong'er volcanic belt at the southern magin of the North China Craton (He et al, 2008(He et al, , 2010a(He et al, , 2010bZhao et al, 2009).…”