The Xigaze forearc basin: evolution and facies architecture (Cretaceous, Tibet)

Einsele, Gerhard; Liu, B; Dürr, Sören B.; Frisch, Wolfgang; Liu, G; Luterbacher, Hanspeter; Ratschbacher, Lothar; Ricken, Werner; Wendt, Jobst; Wetzel, Andreas; Yu, Guiping; Zheng, Hangping

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(94)90014-0

Cited by 145 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, it was indicated that the dating results of detrital zircons from Xigaze fore-arc basin were distributed in the whole Mesozoic with two obvious peaks of 170-150 Ma and 130-100 Ma 1) . These zircons possessed high 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios, positive ε Nd (t) values, and young model ages, resembling the characters of zircons from granitoids in Gangdese batholith, which implied that Gangdese batholith had served as important source of Xigaze Group in Cretaceous with many Mesozoic magmatic rocks having been eroded and deposited in Xigaze fore-arc basin [28,29]1) . The extensive lack of Cretaceous strata at southern margin of Lhasa terrane, except for Lhasa-Linzhou area, indicated these places had been strongly uplifted and eroded in Cretaceous [133] .…”

Section: Petrogenesis Of the Mesozoic Magmatic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The results showed that two obvious peaks, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous , existed in the Mesozoic detrital zircons. Most zircons display characteristics similar to zircons from Gangdese batholith [47] , i.e., high 176 Hf/ 177 Hf ratios, positive ε Nd (t) values and young model ages, which suggested part of Mesozoic igneous rocks were eroded and transported to Xigaze fore-arc basin and became provenance of Xigaze Group [28,29]1) .…”

Section: Oligocene-miocene Granitoidsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To north of the batholith, Meso-Cenozoic volcanic rocks and sedimentary strata were also developed, including Lower-Middle Jurassic Yeba Formation [15][16][17][18] , Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Sangri Group [19][20][21] , and Paleogene Linzizong volcanicsedimentary strata [22][23][24][25][26][27] . To south of the batholith, the Xigaze fore-arc flysch suite, i.e., the Xigaze Group, is locally distributed around the Xigaze area [28,29]1) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet

Liu

et al. 2009

Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci.

144

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Based on petrological and geochemical characteristics such as rock assemblage, petrogeochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope, zircon U-Pb age, and Hf isotope, we studied geochronological framework, magma types, source characters, and petrogenesis of different stages of magmatism of the granitic rocks from the Gangdese batholith in southern Tibet. The magmatic activities of the Gangdese batholith can be divided into three stages. The Mesozoic magmatism, induced by northern subduction of Neotethyan slab, was continuously developed, with two peak periods of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The Paleocene-Eocene magmatism was the most intensive, and resulted from a complex progress of Neotethyan oceanic slab, including subduction, rollback, and subsequent breakoff. And the Oligocene-Miocene magmatism was attributed to the convective removal of thickened lithosphere in an east-west extension setting after India-Asia collision. Isotopically, zircons from these granitic rocks are characterized by positive ε Hf (t) values, suggesting that the magmatic source of the Gangdese batholith might be an arc terrane, which was accreted to the southern margin of Asia during Late Paleozoic. Therefore, the chronological framework and Hf isotopic characteristics of the Gangdese batholith are distinct from the granitic rocks in adjacent areas, which can be served as a powerful tracer in studying source-to-sink relation of sediments during the uplift and erosion of Tibetan Plateau.

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Section: Petrogenesis Of the Mesozoic Magmatic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Oligocene-miocene Granitoidsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

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Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet

Liu

et al. 2009

Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci.

144

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“…The Xigaze fore-arc basin is located at the southern margin of the southern Lhasa terrane, immediately north of the YarlungTsangpo suture zone, extends from Xigaze in the east to Saga in the west with a length of~550 km (west of our study area). This basin is mainly composed of Late Cretaceous coarse-to fine-grained volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, with minor intercalated hemipelagic marl (Dürr, 1996;Einsele et al, 1994). Previous studies indicated that the clastic sediments mainly sourced from the Gangdese arc (Dürr, 1996;Einsele et al, 1994;Wu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cretaceous (~81Ma) high-temperature metamorphism in the southeastern Lhasa terrane: Implication for the Neo-Tethys ocean ridge subduction

et al. 2013

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An integrated study of U\Pb zircon dating, geochemical and Sr\Nd\Hf isotopic compositions of garnet-bearing granulite and marble from the granulite-facies domain of the Nyingchi Complex (eastern Himalayan syntaxis) has provided insights into the tectonic evolution of the southern Lhasa terrane. The peak metamorphism of the garnet-bearing granulite is marked by a mineral assemblage of garnet + orthopyroxene + high-Ti amphibole + plagioclase + quartz + rutile. Abundant exsolved rutile needles are observed within amphibole, garnet and quartz. The peak metamorphic temperatures are estimated at 803-924°C. Geochemical data from the garnet-bearing granulites provide evidence for a basaltic protolith that formed in a continental-margin arc setting. Sr\Nd\Hf isotopic compositions indicate that this protolith was sourced from partial melting of a depleted mantle. LA-ICP MS U\Pb zircon dating shows that the protolith age and metamorphic age of the garnet-bearing granulites are 89.3 ± 0.6 Ma and 81.1 ± 0.8 Ma, respectively. The detrital magmatic zircons from the marble yield ages from 86.3 to 167 Ma. The age distribution and Hf isotopic composition (ε Hf (t) = +5.9 to +17.5) of the detrital magmatic zircon in the marble are consistent with the isotopic data of zircons from the Jurassic-Cretaceous Gangdese batholiths, suggesting that the clastic sediments were partially derived from these intrusives or associated volcanic rocks, and deposited in the fore-arc basin of the Gangdese arc. The metamorphic zircons in the marble yield a metamorphic age of 81.4 ± 0.5 Ma. These results show that both the arc magmatic rocks and forearc sedimentary rocks underwent high-temperature (HT) granulite-facies metamorphism at~81 Ma, indicating anomalously high heat input in the forearc region. A range of tectonic observations, including a coeval hiatus in arc magmatism and a period of regional uplift, indicate that HT metamorphism resulted from the subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean ridge beneath the southern Lhasa terrane during the Late Cretaceous.

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“…[10] North of the YZSZ, sedimentary sequences deposited along the southern margin of Asia consist of the Cretaceous Xigaze Group and Qubeiya Formation and the lower Tertiary Tso-Jiangding Group (Figures 1 and 2) Einsele et al, 1994;Dürr, 1996;Wang et al, 1999]. The Xigaze Group is a >5-km-thick turbidite sequence that was deposited during the middle Cretaceous (110 -84 Ma ).…”

Section: Gangdese Forearcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleocene–Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India‐Asia collision, south central Tibet

2005

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Uppermost Cretaceous to Eocene marine sedimentary sequences occur both to the south and north of the Yarlung Zangbo suture in south central Tibet. They consist of Indian‐margin strata of the northern Tethyan Himalaya and Asian‐margin strata of the Gangdese forearc. Both assemblages are characterized by major changes in depositional environment and sedimentary provenance at ∼65 Ma and an appearance of detrital chromium‐rich spinel of ophiolite affinity (TiO2 generally <0.1 wt%) during the Paleocene. Ophiolitic melange exposed along the suture could have provided a source for detrital spinel. The melange occurs in the hanging wall of a north dipping, south directed mylonitic shear zone which includes a tectonic sliver of mafic schist. Amphibole from the schist yields 40Ar/39Ar ages of ∼63 Ma, which we attribute to cooling during slip along the shear zone and southward obduction of the melange. Melange obduction was coeval with the development of an angular unconformity within the Gangdese forearc basin to the north (between late Maastrichtian time and ∼62 Ma). Upper Paleocene to middle Eocene sandstones in the northern Tethyan Himalaya yield 200–120 Ma U‐Pb detrital zircon ages and 190–170 Ma 40Ar/39Ar detrital mica ages. These detrital grains were most likely sourced from regions north of the Yarlung Zangbo suture, suggesting that onset of India‐Asia collision in south central Tibet is middle Eocene or older in age. Collectively, our results support previous suggestions that oceanic rocks were obducted onto the northern margin of India during latest Cretaceous–earliest Tertiary time. Coeval changes in Gangdese forearc sedimentation raise the possibility that this obduction event marks onset of tectonic interaction between India and Asia at ∼65 Ma. Alternatively, in concert with the conventional view of Eocene collision initiation, the obducted oceanic rocks may be of intraoceanic origin, while coeval changes in Gangdese forearc sedimentation may be a consequence of an increase in the rate of ocean‐continent convergence following the demise of the intraoceanic subduction zone.

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The Xigaze forearc basin: evolution and facies architecture (Cretaceous, Tibet)

Cited by 145 publications

References 28 publications

Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet

Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet

Late Cretaceous (~81Ma) high-temperature metamorphism in the southeastern Lhasa terrane: Implication for the Neo-Tethys ocean ridge subduction

Paleocene–Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India‐Asia collision, south central Tibet

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