The X and γ diffuse background

Horstman, H.; Cavallo, G.; Moretti-Horstman, E.

doi:10.1007/bf02747042

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Turning now to the theoretical progresses, it is interesting that the idea of using an electron-positron plasma as a basis of a GRB model, introduced in Damour & Ruffini [75], was independently considered years later in a set of papers by Cavallo & Rees [63], Cavallo & Horstman [62] and Horstman & Cavallo [157]. However, these authors did not address the issue of the physical origin of their energy source.…”

Section: The Role Of the Cgro And Bepposax Satellites And The Furthermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray Burst

Ruffini¹,

Bernardini²,

Bianco³

et al. 2007

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) represent very likely "the" most extensive computational, theoretical and observational effort ever carried out successfully in physics and astrophysics. The extensive campaign of observation from space based X-ray and γ-ray observatory, such as the Vela, CGRO, BeppoSAX, HETE-II, INTEGRAL, Swift, R-XTE, Chandra, XMM satellites, have been matched by complementary observations in the radio wavelength (e.g. by the VLA) and in the optical band (e.g. by VLT, Keck, ROSAT). The net result is unprecedented accuracy in the received data allowing the determination of the energetics, the time variability and the spectral properties of these GRB sources. The very fortunate situation occurs that these data can be confronted with a mature theoretical development. Theoretical interpretation of the above data allows progress in three different frontiers of knowledge: a) the ultrarelativistic regimes of a macroscopic source moving at Lorentz gamma factors up to ∼ 400; b) the occurrence of vacuum polarization process verifying some of the yet untested regimes of ultrarelativistic quantum field theories; and c) the first evidence for extracting, during the process of gravitational collapse leading to the formation of a black hole, amounts of energies up to 10 55 ergs of blackholic energy -a new form of energy in physics and astrophysics. We outline how this progress leads to the confirmation of three interpretation paradigms for GRBs proposed in July 2001. Thanks mainly to the observations by Swift and the optical observations by VLT, the outcome of this analysis points to the existence of a "canonical" GRB, originating from a variety of different initial astrophysical scenarios. The communality of these GRBs appears to be that they all are emitted in the process of formation of a black hole with a negligible value of its angular momentum. The following sequence of events appears to be canonical: the vacuum polarization process in the dyadosphere with the creation of the optically thick self accelerating electron-positron plasma; the engulfment of baryonic mass during the plasma expansion; adiabatic expansion of the optically thick "fireshell" of electronpositron-baryon plasma up to the transparency; the interaction of the accelerated baryonic matter with the interstellar medium (ISM). This leads to the canonical GRB composed of a proper GRB (P-GRB), emitted at the moment of transparency, followed by an extended afterglow. The sole parameters in this scenario are the total energy of the dyadosphere E dya , the fireshell baryon loading M B defined by the dimensionless parameter B ≡ M B c 2 /E dya , and the ISM filamentary distribution around the source. In the limit B → 0 the total energy is radiated in the P-GRB with a vanishing contribution in the afterglow. In this limit, the canonical GRBs explain as well the short GRBs. In these lecture notes we systematically outline the main results of our model comparing and contrasting them with the ones in the current literature. In both cases, we have li...

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Section: The Role Of the Cgro And Bepposax Satellites And The Furthermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray Burst

Ruffini¹,

Bernardini²,

Bianco³

et al. 2007

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Subsequent observations have been made by a number of people (see Horstman, Cavallo & Moretti Horstman 1975 for review) . In particular, the background has been studied in the 0.3-1O-MeV range with detectors on several Apollo missions (Trombka et al 1977) and from about 30 to 150 MeV by the instrument on the SAS-2 spacecraft (Fichtel, Simpson & Thompson 1978).…”

Section: Diffuse Extragalactic Emissionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Several other explanations have been put forth for the origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (e.g. Silk 1970, Horstman, Cavallo & Moretti-Horstman 1975. We mention here, in particular, the possibility of producing the background from matter-antimatter annihilation at the boundaries of superclusters in a baryon-symmetric cosmology (Stecker, Morgan & Bredekamp 1971, Stecker 1978.…”

Section: Diffuse Extragalactic Emissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gamma-Ray Astronomy

Ramaty

Lingenfelter²

1982

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

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“…The cosmic X-ray background (CXB) has since been one of the main goals of the operation of any orbital X-ray astrophysical observatory. A review of the results of early experiments can be found in Horstman et al (1975); Tanaka & Bleeker (1977); Boldt (1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the cosmic X-ray background of the Universe and the MVN experiment

Revnivtsev

2014

Astron. Lett.

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-The paper describes previous studies of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) of the Universe in the energy range 1-100 keV and outline prospects for its investigation with the help of MVN (Monitor Vsego Neba) experiment. The nature of the CXB and its use for studying the cosmological evolution of black holes are briefly discussed. The bulk of the paper is devoted to the methods of CXB measurements, from the first pioneering rocket and balloon-borne experiments to the measurements made with latestgeneration orbital X-ray observatories. Particular attention is given to the problems of allowance for the contribution of background events to the measurements with X-ray and hard X-ray instruments.

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The X and γ diffuse background

Cited by 21 publications

References 138 publications

The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray Burst

The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray Burst

Gamma-Ray Astronomy

Measurements of the cosmic X-ray background of the Universe and the MVN experiment

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