“…Initially, transfer studies focused on the temporal patterns of policy spread across states (Crain 1966, Walker 1969, Gray 1973, Eyestone 1977, Savage 1985 and the analysis of cross-national 'lesson-drawing' and policy-borrowing (Armytage 1967, 1968, Becker 1970, Westney 1987, Goodman 1989, Rose 1993, Rogers 2003. The findings of these initial studies led to a range of advances in our understanding of why and how political systems turn to each other for ideas (Berry and Berry 1990, Levi-Faur 2003, Morrissey and Nelson 2003. Much of this literature is underpinned by the rational actor model, in which agents (individually and collectively) 'actively' learn from others and subsequently implement the best possible reform to their existing policy situation (Jacoby 2000, p. 6).…”