The writing is on the wall for UNAIDS

England, Roger

doi:10.1136/bmj.39569.497708.94

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unfortunately, these requirements along with intense competition between pharmaceutical companies have set incredibly high standards on new PIs. In addition, other factors such as stringent clinical trial requirements, difficulties in recruiting treatment-experienced trial volunteers, and a growing sentiment that federal funding for HIV research should be reduced are making new drugs more difficult to develop [195][196][197]. As a result, many new PIs that have begun clinical investigation have seen their development halted (Fig.…”

Section: Next-generation Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheFDAApprovedHIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors for Treatment ofHIV/AIDS

Ghosh

Anderson

Mitsuya

2010

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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Over the past two decades, HIV protease inhibitors have helped revolutionize the treatment of HIV/AIDS transforming this deadly ailment into a more manageable chronic infection. Due to intensive research in the area, a variety of protease inhibitors are now commercially available each of which possesses distinct characteristics and a unique tale of discovery. This manuscript reviews the design and development of the 10 currently available protease inhibitors saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir, and darunavir. Special attention is given to the research efforts leading to their discovery and the successes and limitations of these drugs in the clinics. A brief review of the biology associated with the HIV‐1 protease target is provided in addition to a discussion of novel drug candidates currently under investigation.

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Section: Next-generation Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheFDAApprovedHIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors for Treatment ofHIV/AIDS

Ghosh

Anderson

Mitsuya

2010

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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“…Unfortunately, HIV initiatives tended to adopt vertical approaches with separate funding [9], as well as an emphasis on treatment and care as opposed to prevention. There is a dire need to ensure an approach that stresses the commonalities between contraception and HIV control, prime examples being the value of condoms and sex education.…”

Section: Improving Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family planning should be prioritized in resource allocation at the local level [9], the ultimate challenge being to develop sustainable systems so that vulnerable groups enjoy easier access to services. Right holders, such as youth and poor people, should be actively supported to lobby for appropriate services, while getting duty bearers, such as policy makers, to apply a rights-based approach in service planning.…”

Section: Confronting Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The right to contraception and the wrongs of restrictive services

Edouard¹

2009

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords:Family planning Gender Human rights Millennium Development Goals Sexual health Rights come with responsibilities for individuals, service providers, and purveyors. The operationalization of the right to contraception, for universal access to a wide range of effective methods, necessitates very different but complementary interventions. A rights-based approach should aim to respect, protect, and fulfill rights. The wishes of individuals concerning childbearing necessitate informed choice, access to services, and lack of prejudice. Equity should be addressed through the strengthening of health systems, especially primary health care, with emphasis on the needs of underserved populations. Official pronouncements on population issues necessitate commitments. A philosophy of rights is particularly useful for service implementation, including the introduction of new contraceptive methods, by addressing the responsibilities of duty bearers and the claims of right holders. With the rights to and overwhelming health benefits of contraception, it is imperative to reverse the wrongs of limited reproductive health services.

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“…Typically these reforms did not include core SRH services (contraception, safe abortion, maternity care, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections including HIV, sexuality education and prevention and treatment for survivors of violence including rape; Kismödi et al, 2014;United Nations, 1994) in a consistent or integrated way, although they sometimes included silo funding for maternal health, family planning or HIV (England, 2008;Israr & Islam, 2006;UNFPA, 2012;Wilcher & Cates, 2010). Because attention to human rights was also quite alien to most of these reforms, they tended to exclude critical groups such as adolescents and their needs, to ignore deep gender inequalities in decision-making on sexuality and reproduction and the pervasiveness of violence and fear of violence among girls and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and reproductive health and rights in changing health systems

2015

Reproductive Health Matters

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Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are centrally important to health. However, there have been significant shortcomings in implementing SRHR to date. In the context of health systems reform and universal health coverage/care (UHC), this paper explores the following questions. What do these changes in health systems thinking mean for SRHR and gender equity in health in the context of renewed calls for increased investments in the health of women and girls? Can SRHR be integrated usefully into the call for UHC, and if so how? Can health systems reforms address the continuing sexual and reproductive ill health and violations of sexual and reproductive rights (SRR)? Conversely, can the attention to individual human rights that is intrinsic to the SRHR agenda and its continuing concerns about equality, quality and accountability provide impetus for strengthening the health system? The paper argues that achieving equity on the UHC path will require a combination of system improvements and services that benefit all, together with special attention to those whose needs are great and who are likely to fall behind in the politics of choice and voice (i.e., progressive universalism paying particular attention to gender inequalities).Keywords: sexual and reproductive health and rights; universal health coverage/care; quality of care; accountability; equity Introduction Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are centrally important to health outcomes in all countries. Sex and reproduction define unique and specific health needs for girls and women over the entire life course. Whether, how and to what extent these health needs are met by the health system depends on the extent to which girls' and women's human rights are respected, protected and fulfilled. Throughout the life course, the sexual and reproductive rights (SRR) of girls and women -to bodily autonomy and integrity, to choice in relation to sexuality and reproduction, to freedom from coercion, discrimination and violence or fear of violence, to safety, satisfaction and pleasureprofoundly shape their physical and mental health and well-being.

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The writing is on the wall for UNAIDS

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

TheFDAApprovedHIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors for Treatment ofHIV/AIDS

TheFDAApprovedHIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors for Treatment ofHIV/AIDS

The right to contraception and the wrongs of restrictive services

Sexual and reproductive health and rights in changing health systems

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