“…There are several different subtypes of lung macrophages identified as morphologically and functionally heterogeneous from one another, including alveolar, interstitial, intravascular, and airway macrophages [90]. Of note, AMs are believed to be long-lived radio-and chemotherapy-resistant cells and they are slow to turn over and be replaced by donor-derived cells following HSCT [57,58,65,71,74,93,94]. Cell-surface receptors and secreted products allow lung macrophages to respond to environmental factors and aid in the clearance of microorganisms in the distal airways and alveolar spaces [90,104].…”