The Worringham and Beringer ‘visual field’ principle for rotary controls

Abstract

High compatibility between control input and display output is of great importance in machine design. This paper demonstrates that, for cases where the display is not in the same plane as the control, the visual field principle is operational for vertically moving translational controls and rotary controls as well as for horizontally moving translational controls.

Effect of display location on control-display stereotype strength for translational and rotational controls with linear displays

“…This result is significant in terms of the Worringham and Beringer (1998) 'Visual Field' principle. As has recently been shown by Hoffmann and Chan (2013), this principle, that was originally derived for translational controls moving in a horizontal plane, is now shown to be operative for both translational and rotational controls moving in the three different planes of Figure 2. This extension of the Worringham and Beringer principle is thus one of the most powerful of all principles that describe the stereotype strength between control and display and is particularly relevant to problems where the operator must be moving, and hence the display and control may lie in different planes.…”

“…The previous findings of Worringham and Berringer (1998), Chan and Hoffmann (2012) and Hoffmann and Chan (2013) have been extended to many display locations relative to the control and are shown to be relevant to both translational controls and rotary controls in certain combinations. This reveals the Visual Field principle as the most In making predictions for the strength of stereotypes of new control/display arrangements using known data, the following method has been used:…”

“…The UT control may also be considered to be part of the Worringham and Beringer (1998) principle as the display moves in the same direction as the control, independent of the display location. This was noted by Hoffmann and Chan (2013).…”

“…Tables 1 -4 list the stereotype strengths for all the combinations tested, where, using the stated criterion for stereotype strength, there are 46 control/display arrangements that are considered to yield strong stereotypes. Hoffmann and Chan (2013) in a short communication noted that the Worringham and Beringer principle (the Visual Field principle) applied for rotary controls as well as the translational controls for which the principle was initially defined. The effect stated by this principle is that the same control movement will be made, for any display location relative to the operator, as if the control is in the visual field, even though the operator is not viewing in the same plane as the control.…”

“…Consider the 'location' effect (left or right displays) when using either a translational or rotary control (RT or CVR); Wickens et al allocate a cost of 4 units. This is a case where the Visual Field principle (TVF) of Worringham and Beringer (1998) for translational controls and of Hoffmann and Chan (2013) for rotary controls (RVF) is operational. That research has shown that stereotype strength is close to unity and hence the allocation of cost is too severe.…”