The World's First Stock Exchange

Petram, Lodewijk

doi:10.7312/petr16378

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Access to modern financial services such as insurance is highly important for LEDCs. Many financial products do not exist for speculative reasons but rather to allow people and businesses to mitigate risks and hedge against unfavorable situations [65]. The scalability, security, and transparency provided through hybrid smart contracts has the potential to allow anyone anywhere access to reliable financial services.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles

Heidt,

Sandner,

Anders

2024

Preprint

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Oracles have been suggested as a vital piece of infrastructure necessary to allow blockchain-based smart contracts to reach their full potential by interacting with real-world data. This paper begins by providing an approachable entry point to the oracle problem and the current landscape of existing solutions. From there, we provide an overview of published research to narrow down unexplored research directions and derive questions for interviews. Finally, the results of 15 unstructured expert interviews are presented and discussed. The focus here is the industry landscape of oracle projects, opportunities for innovation, and challenges needing to be overcome.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles

Heidt,

Sandner,

Anders

2024

Preprint

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“…The first stock exchange was established in the 1600s by the East India Company [ 72 ]. A stock exchange was a building where existing and prospective investors met to buy or sell shares.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud based evaluation of databases for stock market data

Singh

Martyr

Medland³

et al. 2022

J Cloud Comp

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About fifty years ago, the world’s first fully automated system for trading securities was introduced by Instinet in the US. Since then the world of trading has been revolutionised by the introduction of electronic markets and automatic order execution. Nowadays, financial institutions exploit the associated flow of daily data using more and more advanced analytics to gain valuable insight on the markets and inform their investment decisions. In particular, time series of Open High Low Close prices and Volume data are of special interest as they allow identifying trading patterns useful for forecasting both stock prices and volumes. Traditionally, relational databases have been used to store this data; however, the ever-growing volume of this data, the adoption of the hybrid cloud model, and the availability of novel non-relational databases which claim to be more scalable and fault tolerant raise the question whether relational databases are still the most appropriate. In this study, we define a set of criteria to evaluate performance of a variety of databases on a hybrid cloud environment. There, we conduct experiments using standard and custom workloads. Results show that migration to a MongoDB database would be most beneficial in terms of cost, storage space, and throughput. In addition, organisations wishing to take advantage of autoscaling and the maintenance power of the cloud should opt for a cloud native solution.

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“…Neither hypothesis has gained general acceptance, as scholarly interest has migrated to studying the slow build-up, beginning in the seventeenth century, of a financial infrastructure to promote and expand public, commercial and landed debt – stock jobbers, town clerks goldsmiths, scriveners, and attorneys that dealt in company stocks, bonds, annuities and mortgages (e.g. Melton 1986; Carlos et al 1998; Hoffman et al 2000, 2018; Bogart 2005; Murphy 2009; Pincus 2009; Gelderblom and Jonker 2011; Petram 2011; Temin and Voth 2013; Briggs and Zuiderduijn 2017) – as Western Europe became a global trade juggernaut and a battleground for continual warfare (Brewer 1989). No one any longer finds it credible that early modern borrowers in Britain, the Low Countries and France required corporate banks to obtain a steady flow of credit or that securities were not consistently traded in a secondary market from the later seventeenth century onward.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tracking the growth of government securities investing in early modern England and Wales

Shammas

2020

Financial History Review

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Interest in the growth of tradeable securities in early modern Britain, especially its relationship to economic development and the funding of government debt, has centered mainly on the borrowerwhether it be trading company, industrial enterprise, or the state. This article directs attention to the investor, using Charity Commission Reports for England and Wales that document a dramatic mideighteenth-century shift by donors and trustees from investments in real estate and rent charges to perpetual government annuities, mainly  percent Consols. The heavy investment in this public debt product is what ultimately prompted the creation of the London Stock Exchange in .In analyzing this shift, which occurred among the propertied in all regions of the nation, not just the metropolis or among corporate entities and the mercantile community, I consider both what made the annuities increasingly attractive for charitable trusts and the alternativesreal estate and private loans secured by mortgage or other meansmore problematic. Legal changes, I argue, played a role in the transformation, especially the Charitable Uses Act of , which made charitable devises of real estate very difficult and probably resulted in reduced investment in human capital and less wealth redistribution. Regions varied, however, in the degree to which they switched from real estate in the latter part of the eighteenth century; they also differed in the extent to which the switch resulted in more gifts of interest-bearing loans as well.Admittedly, the changes documented in this article concern only one type of depository for assets, charitable trusts. The appeal of these annuities, however, could extend to investments needed for other purposes such as postmortem payments to dependents. Moreover, the fall-off in demand for real estate in trusts correlates with GDP estimates showing a steady decline in income from real assets after  and what some have noted in this period as a puzzlethe lack of an increased rate of return on rents and private loans at a time of robust investment in government debt. Most importantly, though, the transition demonstrates the ability of the government to induce a broad spectrum of the propertied population to invest in securities, if the vehicle they offered had the right characteristics, which were not necessarily highest yield or liquidity without loss in value.

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The World's First Stock Exchange

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles

Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles

Cloud based evaluation of databases for stock market data

Tracking the growth of government securities investing in early modern England and Wales

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